Possible effects of ginseng on blood glucose in diabetic patients Essay

Potential impacts of ginseng on blood glucose in diabetic patients - Essay Example The plant is developed for its man molded roots which structure a significant eating regimen supplement in Asian nations and United States. Chronicled records uncover the utilization of ginseng pull for viably rewarding sicknesses with manifestations like diabetes. In any case, explores to research the antidiabetic impact of Ginseng root started uniquely in the primary portion of twentieth century. Studies directed by Japanese researchers on the foundation of Ginseng during the 1920s prompted reports affirming the conventional cases of Ginseng root being powerful in decreasing benchmark blood glucose and mitigating hyperglycemia caused as an outcome of high admission of glucose. Since the time various in vitro examinations, creature preliminaries, clinical preliminaries on the root and root separates have upheld the proficiency of ginseng in controlling glucose levels in diabetics and subsequently has been utilized for the treatment of diabetes (Xie et al., 2005). The constituents ar e ginseng root are 80%-90% natural and up to 10% inorganic with numerous dynamic fixings specifically saponins or ginsenosides, numerous starches, nitrogenous substances, phytosterols, fundamental oils, nutrients, minerals, amino acids, peptides and natural acids. The dynamic fixings announced in the concentrates successful in diminishing blood glucose levls have been recognized with ginsenosides and polysaccharides. Ginsenosides has been distinguished as the essential dynamic element of the plant and its fixation is most noteworthy in the leaf, trailed by berry and afterward roots. In addition, the profile of ginsenosides with six primary ginsenosides segregated from root berry and leaf is additionally unique. Hence it has been theorized that the general extents of the a portion of these ginsenosides decides the hypoglycemic productivity of ginseng extricates (Xie et al., 2005). Accordingly hypoglycemic impact of ginseng extricates has been very much reported and bolstered by test confirmations. The point of this paper is to exhibit the impact of ginseng on glucose levels in diabetic patients. Technique PARTICIPANTS 5 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with mean estimations old enough, BMI and weight being 62, 29kg/m2 and 81Kf were chosen in the wake of illuminating them about the methodology and plausible consequences of the test and acquiring their composed assent. It was guaranteed that the Diabetes patients were sensibly controlled and were on a treatment technique including the medications sulfonylurea, and a blend of sulfonylurea and metformin; which was kept during the time of analysis. Every one of the members was furnished with guidance booklet to guarantee that different conditions are kept up uniform over the span of the examination. TREATMENT The patients were given two classifications of medicines; one gelatin container with 3g ginseng allowed either 40 minutes before a glucose admission of 25g of 300ml glucose or synchronous with same groupi ng of glucose; both taken orally. The control treatment included indistinguishable organization of all fixings as in treatment bunch with the exception of ginseng being supplanted by a fake treatment case containing corn sugar rather than ginseng. Four medicines, two tests and two controls were given to every member in arbitrary request. Technique Maintaining each other state of diet, action and prescription consistent, members were regulated the above portions at time periods week following 10-12 hours of fasting in the first part of the day. Each test was gone before with ordinary examination and complete portion of schedule

Pharmacoeconomics Notes Essay

The Confessions is a work by Augustine that diagrams his evil youth and transformation to Christianity. Augustine composed it somewhere in the range of 397 and 401 while filling in as the religious administrator of Hippo Regius. In his book, Augustine gives his very own record life from birth up to that point. He at that point expounded on different issues, for example, the making of the world, memory and time. A major section of the book is spent on Augustine’s admission of sins that he had battled with and how he had argued to God for liberation from those transgressions. Augustine expounds on his mistake in carrying on with a corrupt way of life. He laments having had confidence in crystal gazing and followed the Manichaean religion. He additionally expounds on how Nebridius convinced him that soothsaying was malevolent and how St. Ambrose encouraged in his transformation to Christianity. The Confessions is at long last a location by Augustine to God in which he admits his wrongdoings, confidence, and recognition. Augustine says that he composed the Confessions for â€Å"a individuals inquisitive to know the lives of others, yet indiscreet to alter their own.† Augustine knew that individuals wanted to chatter and look profoundly into the lives of others to perceive how they could talk down an individual and at last cause themselves to feel better. Augustine realized that his composing would have been examined however made it his motivation to come clean and show the fortune of God in the life of a miscreant. He didn’t need anybody to think any preferred of himself over he really was. Another reason recorded as a hard copy Confessions was to make a prompt security between his new Christian people group. His partners were incredulous of his agnostic affected instruction just as his remaining as an ex-Manichee. He needed to tell them that he was dependable and he did that by putting in plain view the most exceedingly awful and best of his life. Generally, Augustine’s life turned into an open book for everybody to peruse and become more acquainted with by and by. Augustine could have additionally composed Confessions as an endeavor to get himself. He may have thought about his delight in sex and the joys of this world to be an insufferable shortcoming and he expected to admit recorded as a hard copy that God alone was his genuine affection. Clearly Augustine is broken over his transgression and it is likely something that devoured his brain. Getting this horrendous past behind him was absolutely critical and he did it through composing Confessions to God. The composing style with which Augustine composes the Confessions isâ amongst different things transparently intense, empowering, and without regret. This is unquestionably unique in relation to present day essayists who attempt and camouflage their actual internal emotions while as yet attempting to compose with important style. Augustine isn't attempting to keep down any piece of his life that he may be embarrassed about. It is a remarkable opposite as he certainly commends the Lord and pronounces God’s significance. Augustine perceives his place as a bit of residue that strives for a spot within the sight of god-like God who made the universe. He isn't afraid to praise his Lord and consistently gives you an inclination that he isn't fulfilled until he discovers his rest in God. He is empowering all through his book as he passes on God’s steadfastness to him in any event, when he was profound into transgression. Regardless of what part of the book one peruses, the individual in question can generally breathe easy because of the way that regardless of how far one runs from God, He is in every case in that spot sitting tight for us with great enthusiasm. Taking everything into account, Augustine is so centered around God, that he has no lament in sharing his incidents and pronouncing God’s absolution. He realizes that he ran a long way from God however that God was in that spot the whole time. He feels very absurd and yet so appreciative for God’s ceaseless beauty. Augustine declares with enthusiasm that he needs to be filled by God and accordingly he can genuinely live.

Riot Recommendation Novels About Hollywood

Riot Recommendation Novels About Hollywood This round of the  Riot Recommendation is sponsored by Actors Anonymous by James Franco. The actors in James Francos brilliant debut novel include a McDonalds drive-thru operator who spends his shift trying on accents; an ex-child star recalling a massive beachside bacchanal; hospital volunteers and Midwestern transplants; a vampire flick starlet who discovers a cryptic book written by a famous actor gone AWOL; and the ghost of River Phoenix. Then theres Franco himself, who prowls backstage, peering out between the lines-before taking the stage with fascinating meditations on his art, along with nightmarish tales of excess. Hollywood has always been a private club, he writes. I open the gates. I say welcome. I say,  Look inside. Told in a dizzying array of styles-from lyric essays and disarming testimonials to hilariously rambling text messages and ghostly footnotes-and loosely modeled on Alcoholics Anonymouss Twelve  Steps and Twelve Traditions, Actors Anonymous  is an intense, wild ride into the dark heart of celebrity. _________________________ Readers have been fascinated by celebrity since long before TMZ was a glimmer in Harvey Levins eye. Hollywoodthe glamor, the scandals, the scads of beautiful peoplecaptures the imagination and just begs to be the backdrop for all kinds of stories. In this Riot Rec, we want to know: what are your  favorite novels about Hollywood and celebrity? _________________________ Sign up for our newsletter to have the best of Book Riot delivered straight to your inbox every two weeks. No spam. We promise. To keep up with Book Riot on a daily basis, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook, , and subscribe to the Book Riot podcast in iTunes or via RSS. So much bookish goodnessall day, every day.

The Impact Of Bipolar Disorder On The Development Of Self

I found the article, â€Å"I Actually Don’t Know Who I am†: The Impact of Bipolar Disorder on the Development of Self† (2008), by Inder, M., Corwoe., M.,T., Moor, S., Luty, S. E., Carter, J.D., and Joyce, P. R to be very interesting and very much needed. The research explored how one’s sense of self is impacted by the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) at an early age. As seen in the study, the diagnosis had a major impact on the participant’s sense of identity and self worth. There was four major problem areas that were identified; â€Å"Confusion, contradiction, self-doubt, and self-acceptance† Inder, et al (2008). All of the participants in the study have indicated that these four critical areas were impacted as a result of being labeled with†¦show more content†¦However, what I did not realize at that time was that I was in the stage of substance abuse and experimenting. I ended up in this treatment center for rebellious behav iors after my parents divorced and other social stressors. My single mother couldn’t handle me at the time and sent me away via an Incorrigibility petition. I was admitted to an adolescent treatment center, where I resided for ten months at the age of 15. It was here where I was convinced that I was an â€Å"addict†, a label that I carried proudly for many years. While I do not regret my 18 years of â€Å"recovery† and I learned many valuable lessons, principles, and â€Å"a new way of life†, I do not believe that a teenager should be exposed to some of the things that I was exposed to. In terms of professionally, I now see how my own experience of being labeled, as well as some of my patient’s experience has negatively impacted them. I make it very clear in group therapy, that they do not need to identify themselves as an â€Å"addict, alcoholic, junkie, cross-addicted, depressed, bipolar, crazy† or whatever other labels they attach to themselves. I have come to understand that these labels, while practical in some settings, are more detrimental and I think they keep people stuck in a pattern ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Bipolar Disorder On The Development Of Self1010 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder is described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5) as a mood disorder with manic symptoms. Individuals with the disorder may swing between periods of depression and mania. Bipolar disorder has subtypes characterized by the frequency and intensity of manic and depressive episodes. Onset typically occurs when one is a young adult, but can often occur during the early teen years. There are numerous developmental considerations to early onset Bipolar disorderRead MoreThe Third Core Theme Is Disruption1194 Words   |  5 PagesDisruption, which focuses on the bipolar impact on how the individual learns to create consistency in their life’s direction. This then spirals down to the disruption and discontinuity in the person’s education, employment, and career development. As human beings, it is pivotal that we distinguish between what others believe we should or ought to be, and a person’s individual belief of what he or she should or would ideally like to be. When diagnosed with bipolar disorder, many have a sense of the directionRead MoreDiagnosing Bipolar Disorder659 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness that requires treatment. Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that causes drastic emotional changes and mood swings. Transmutations in mood can range from manic highs, to depressive lows. Bipolar disorder is a mental condition that can lead to dangerous demeanors. These may be things such as cutting or inflicting harm to one’s self. Patients will spend 3 times more days depressed than in a manic state. Due to the variations in episodes, BipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Major Impact On The Social, Educational, And Occupational Development Of Individuals1729 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder is a highly intermittent illness often beginning in the critical life period of late adolescence and early adulthood. Bipolar disorder can have a major impact on the social, educational and occupational development of individuals. Psychotherapy has been found to treat people with a mental disorder by helping them understand their illness. It teaches people strategies and gives them tools to deal with stress, unhealthy thoughts, and unhealthy behaviors. Psychotherapy helps patientsRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Bipolar Disorder1486 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is a common, recurrent, and debilitating mood disorder which causes shifts in mood and energy. According to NIMH (National Institutes of Mental Health), this disorder affects about 2.3 million adults in the United States and about 1.2% of the population worldwide. The first signs of the disorder normally appear in adolescence and early adulthood, rarely do children get diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder can also be called manic depressive disorder, is a serious mentalRead MoreBipolar Disorder And Its Unique Fast Transitional Mood Shifts1293 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is an illness known for its unique fast transitional mood shifts, usually from manic to depressive. (Moore, P et al., 2014.) This illness holds no prejudice as it can affect anyone at any age, gender or race. (Smith, M 2014) Bipolar disorder is not only dangerous to the patients themselves but could also potentially cause harm to bystanders as well. It is important to get treatment and prevent it from further development. A patient with bipolar disorder cannot differentiate betweenRead MorePsychological Disorder740 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Disorder Paper Psy/450 University of Phoenix Amanda Kettinger 3 July 2010 Psychological Disorder Many mental disorders vary from person to person and in its on severity. All disorders have both a physical and psychological components. Abnormal behavior is difficult to define. Behavior may also be evaluated by whether it conforms to social rules and cultural norms, an approach that avoids reproachful nonconformists as irregular for behavior that, although strange, mayRead MoreBipolar Disorder : A Psychiatric Disorder947 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder, like schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, is a severe psychiatric disorder. The disorder, as presented in Inder et al and Rusner et al, entails so much more than simply the highs (mania) and lows (depression). It is a disorder that causes intra- as well as interpersonal conflicts and difficulties. Some of the intrapersonal issues that arise with having bipolar disorder are the sense of identity confusion, feelings of inadequacy and ineffectiveness, self-esteem and self-worthRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Bi polar Disorder On The Development Of Children Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesThe Effects of Parental Bipolar Disorder on the Development of Children According to a study conducted by Diler et al. (2011), the children of parents with bipolar disorder are the most at risk for developing bipolar disorder and other psychiatric mood disorders. Parents and caregivers with bipolar disorder represent a unique factor that may alter healthy emotional and behavioral development of children. As bipolar disorder is a neurological disorder that causes drastic shifts in mood, abruptRead More Mood Disorder Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pages As many as 19 million Americans million are affected by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.â€Å" Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusio ns

Being Diagnosed With Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - 2154 Words

I am one of many that are incapable of having kids on my own without the help from doctors. Having been diagnosed with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome at a younger age, I am one of many women who are not able to have kids on my own. I know that â€Å"missing† feeling people get when you start to plan out your life, not knowing if one day the gap will be filled or if you should fill the void with something else. This is where I want to be; the space between life and the gap; to try and help fill the inconsistency of others that share this discomfort. There is not anything more discomforting than someone with multiple kids patting your back, whispering soothing tones of â€Å"sorry† and wishful promises of, â€Å"it will happen for you one day.† Why, because you have the uterus of a donut machine at the local Krispy Kreme? I want to be the person there saying â€Å"I know what it’s like, and I’m going to be here to help you through this process.† This is why it is important to me to become a nurse in the field of infertility; to help others with this problem would not only provide me great satisfaction, but it will also help me to understand my own struggles with this problem. I’ve always wanted to do something to help others. My first idea was to help others with their natural beauty by being a hairstylist. That had always been something I enjoyed in my life as I was growing up. So after high school I pursued my dream and went to college for cosmetology. I enjoyed it for a while, but I still feltShow MoreRelatedPolycystic Ovary Syndrome Essay1031 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming a mother; to love and watch her children grow. No one ever dreams of that not happening to them or being part of that group being label as infertile. It happens to millions of women living in the United States every day. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is the most common endocrine disease that affects women of reproductive age, which is typically puberty to menopause. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome does not only affect a woman’s ovaries and chances of conceiving, but it affects the whole endocrine systemRead MoreQuestions On Breast Ovarian Syndrome1240 Words   |  5 PagesArman i PCOS thesis paper Eng 110- 11am Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome I myself have struggled with issues for years before I was diagnosed correctly. PCOS can affect many different things in women going from producing male hormones to the inability to conceive. I found that research is becoming more descriptive and in depth as time goes on. Researchers are still looking into PCOS and are still working on what may be the real cause of PCOS. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a heath disorder that affects femalesRead MorePCOS Essay1152 Words   |  5 Pagesrecent years that effects women’s health is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). For more women to become knowledgeable about this disease health professionals need to educate women about what PCOS is, we need to recognize what ecological factors play a role in PCOS, and what can be done to help women manage their PCOS disease. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Approximately, eight to twenty percent of women worldwide suffer from Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome worldwide (National Institute of child healthRead MorePolycystic Ovary Syndrome2477 Words   |  10 PagesPolycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects at least 10% of women living in the United States. Insulin Resistance plays a large part in fertility for women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Myo-Inositol improves fertility, and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Case findings of women with polycystic ovary syndrome were first documented in 1935 by American gynecologists Irving F. Stein, Sr., and Michael L. LeventhalRead MoreInfertility, Insulin Resistance, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Myo-Inositol1814 Words   |  8 PagesPolycystic ovary syndrome is an endocrine disorder that affects at least 10% of women living in the United States. Insulin Resistance plays a large part in fertility for women who have polycystic ovary syndrome. Myo-Inositol improves fertility, and alleviates many of the symptoms associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin resistance. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition that affects many different parts of the body, not just the ovaries. The list of ailments associated with polycysticRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Diabetes Ovarian Syndrome979 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). She explains that the acne on their face and spare tire around their stomach may not be from puberty, but from this disease. Even though in their adolescent years they may not have worried about starting their own family, but they can’t help but wonder about down the road. Now, the thoughts of having a hard time conceiving a baby or not being able to at all, runs through their head. Unfortunately finding out that they not only have Polycystic Ovarian SyndromeRead MoreInfertility : A Common Endocrine System Disorder Among Women Of Reproductive Age1568 Words   |  7 PagesInfertility due to Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Infertility affects close to 6.1 Million US women during the reproductive age (7). What is infertility? Infertility is generally defined as â€Å"the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sex. After the age of 35 pregnancy becomes more difficult and if infertility persist a shorter timeframe of six months is recommended (2). Infertility is not an illness it is a disease. This disease may not always be painful physically but the pain isRead MorePolycystic Ovary Syndrome1224 Words   |  5 PagesChivalier 2 POLYCYSTIC OVARIES SYNDROME By: Christina Chivalier Polycystic Ovaries Syndrome (PCOS) is an ovulation disorder and infertility that occurs in many women. Polycystic ovaries syndrome dates back to 1845 where it was described in a French manuscript as being changes in the ovaries. It was called sclerocystic. Polycystic ovaries syndrome is a problem that occurs in with the ovaries. A polycystic ovary is characterized as being a tough, thickened, shiny white covering overlyingRead MoreThe Effect Of Eating On Eating And Exercise ( Qol Ed )2123 Words   |  9 Pagesirrespective of BMI. Keywords: PCOS; polycystic ovary syndrome; infertility; eating pathology; QOL ED. â€Æ' Capsule Eating pathology was assessed in twenty-one infertile women with and 132 women without PCOS. Infertile women with PCOS have greater eating pathology and a higher proportion of probable eating disorders. â€Æ' Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in females and affects up to 12-21% of women of reproductive age1. PCOS is a syndrome of clinical and/or biochemical signsRead MorePCOS Essay4926 Words   |  20 PagesOVULATION IN PCOS 2 RESTORING OVULATION IN PCOS Clomiphene Versus Metformin for Restoring Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Daniel Kendall DNP-S, Brandi Knierim DNP-S, Molly Hilzendeger DNP-S University of Mary NUR 720 Clomiphene Versus Metformin for Restoring Ovulation in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of infertility that is caused by anovulation (Baran, Api, Goksedef, Cetin, 2010). Anovulatory

The Individual’s Characteristic Reactions To Social Stimuli Free Essays

According to Gordon Allport, an American psychologist, personality was â€Å"the individual’s characteristic reactions to social stimuli, and the quality of his adaptation to the social features of his environment.† Throughout different literature, the fact remained true as shown in the pieces of works like Sinclair Ross’s â€Å"The Painted Door†, and the novel The Secret Lives of Sgt. John by Lois Simmie. We will write a custom essay sample on The Individual’s Characteristic Reactions To Social Stimuli or any similar topic only for you Order Now In both of these literary works, a character’s personality showed that it was directly affected by their disposition and temperament towards the society they’re with, or their peers and the community around them. A character’s personality is based on his/her perspective of things around them. In Sinclair Ross’s short story, â€Å"The Painted Door†, Ann showed loneliness and isolation throughout the whole flow of the story as attested by the line, â€Å"All famers’ wives have to stay alone. I mustn’t give in this way. I mustn’t brood. A few hours now and they’ll be here,† (Ross, pg.3). Although they had their moments like, â€Å"once she had danced with Steven six or seven times in the evening, and they had talked about it as many months† (pg.4), she felt disconnected because she felt left behind. â€Å"Year after year their lives went on the same little groove.† Living in a farmland where the neighbours are distant, to whom could she tell how she felt inside than those she’d share a house with? Ann was reluctant to tell her husband what was really going on inside her head and eventually caved in to her isolation. Her dreams for something lively, cost her something that was dear to her, her husband. In any event, an individual’s personality was always apparent to those who were around them. In Lois Simmie’s novel, The Secret Lives of Sgt. John Wilson, Elizabeth Craig described Mary Wilson as â€Å"†¦bright and cheery and brave,† (Simmie, pg. 7). She later wrote to Commissioner Perry about her sister saying, â€Å"She was always brave and would’ve laughed at what would made me weep†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg. 171). However, amidst Mary Wilson’s brave and strong-willed disposition, she remained mostly oblivious about her husband, John Wilson, what he does and how acts during some circumstances as stated in page 8. After searching for her husband in a different country, being left behind and treated as a stranger by John, she ought to see the good in him as she always does during their marriage. Later, failing to do so, she became a  victim of her husband’s manipulation and infidelity. She still remained inconceivably blind from these acts and kept on going for her children. Concurrently, John Wilson was portrayed a â€Å"liar† (pg.9) who usually lied about things if it was in his favour. A concise description of his personality was an excerpt from James Hutchison’s letter to Commissioner Perry. â€Å"†¦I found him out to be a liar, a rogue, and a soulless scoundrel† (pg. 171). This description of him was further gratified in many different events. One of these events was when Conrad Read found the service revolver that went missing in John’s possession, even though John claimed that one of the officers had it. During a few incidences with car salesperson, he also portrayed his roguishness and untrustworthiness when the salesperson asked him for the payments for the two cars that Wilson bought. The salesperson later found out that he was off by $600 from his dealings with John Wilson. He enacted one of the most gruesome things possible when he killed his first wife, Mary Wilson, just to marry another woman at the same day! Later, as every act he displayed throughout his effort to have a new and better life backfired, he saw no hope; and foolishly imperiled himself. Therefore, as every person goes through with their own lives, there would be countless challenges that will change their personality, temperament and perspective. Through social, psycho-emotional, or even environmental disturbances, an individual’s personality could provide hints as to what they were going through or experienced. Their disposition to their current situation was exactly parallel to their personality. And in accordance to the rule, their personality is based on they perceive around them, and by how they react to circumstances. Further notes: Your teacher might require you to do a different topic. The topic for this essay is, â€Å"Does the environment affect an individuals personality?† And they might also require a different number of books or quotes to back up your thesis statement. How to cite The Individual’s Characteristic Reactions To Social Stimuli, Papers

Over-Nite Sensation by Frank Zappa The Mothers of Invention free essay sample

â€Å"You either get it or you don’t,† is one of the truest quotes ever said about Frank Zappa’s music, spoken by Frank himself. Over-Nite Sensation is the perfect album for someone who doesn’t quite get Zappa’s work, but wants to. The album is fairly straightforward compared to most of his work, yet packs the punch a hardcore Zappa fan needs. From heavy guitar solos to satirical lyrics, the album oozes everything that is Frank Zappa. The album can be separated into three different chunks. First are a couple of songs that could be played on the radio, if Zappa’s music was played on the radio. These have a lyrical focus, demonstrating his talent for putting down and making fun of things in ordinary life. Then are a few heavier, longer songs filled with solos from not just the guitar, which Zappa plays as masterfully as ever, but also keyboards and a violin. We will write a custom essay sample on Over-Nite Sensation by Frank Zappa The Mothers of Invention or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two pieces that end the album are each six minute tales blending the first two categories. With amazing guitar licks and clever lyrics, they’re a perfect topper to a well rounded album.

Admission Essay Help for Boston University

Admission Essay Help for Boston University Essay Prompts Admission Essay requirements Essay is a part for undergraduate application. Graduate students can submit optional essay with any additional information for admission committee. Admission essay / personal statement prompts Essay is an important part of your application because it demonstrates what you think and how clearly you express yourself. It’s also an opportunity for us to learn who you are beyond your grades and standardized test scores and gives you a chance to explain circumstances that may reflect certain grades or choices in your curriculum. Let your voice come through in your essay—this will help us better understand what distinguishes you from other applicants. Informational guide video how to write an essay. Office of Admissions Contacts International students can email at Facebook: BUAdmissions Twitter: @ApplyToBU Instagram: @ApplyToBU Tumblr: applytobu.tumblr.com Pinterest: ApplyToBU Phone: 617-353-2300 Fax: 617-353-9695 Boston University Admissions 881 Commonwealth Avenue 6th Floor, Admissions Boston, MA 02215 USA Career Services Lisa M. Toby Assistant Dean, Career Engagement Office: Talbot, T113C East Phone: 617-638-4675 Email: Maria McCarthy Director, Advising and Career Development Office: Talbot, T113B East Phone: 617-638-4602 Email: LinkedIn University Ranking for Media ProfessionalsGraduate #13 for DesignersUndergraduate #21 Alumni statistics (Alumni data based) Where they live Greater Boston Area 71,766 Greater New York City Area 28,459 Washington D.C. Metro Area 7,530 San Francisco Bay Area 7,453 Greater Los Angeles Area 6,893 Where they work Fidelity Investments 611 IBM 585 Massachusetts General Hospital 542 State Street 452 Harvard University 439 What they do Education -19,366 Media and Communication -16,599 Entrepreneurship 14,317 Healthcare Services 13,082 Sales 13,050 Research 12,549 Operations 11,939 Information Technology 10,766 What they studied Psychology 12,778 Business Administration and Management, General 12,299 Economics 11,457 Political Science and Government 7,938 Computer Science 7,480 English Language and Literature/Letters 7,330 International Relations and Affairs 7,179 Communication, General 6,385 What they’re skilled at Microsoft Office 35,166 Research 33,890 Public Speaking 32,721 Management 31,941 Social Media 31,861 Leadership 30,451 Microsoft Excel 25,599 Strategic Planning 24,041 Colleen McCreary (formerly Wheeler) CEO, CCKPartners Consulting Senior Technical Recruiter Technical Support Manager at Microsoft Chief People Officer at The Climate Corporation Director, Corporate HR Diversity at Electronic Arts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   BS, Mass Communication and Public Relations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1991 – 1995 Jeff Howe Visiting Scholar at MIT Assistant Professor at Northeastern University Contributing Writer at Village Voice Media Senior Writer at NewAssignment.net   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MA, Creative Writing   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2010 – 2011 Jonathan Bush CEO and Co-founder at athenahealth Medic at US Army Consultant at Booz Allen Hamilton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1987 – 1988   Jay Adelson General Partner at Center Electric Member, Board of Directors at Defense.Net, Inc Chairman, Founder, CEO at Revision3 Founder, Chief Technology Officer at Equinix, Inc. B.S., Film and Broadcasting, Concentration in Computer Science   Recommendations to apply Great Systems Engineering School! I graduated from College of Engineering in 1991. BU had the best software systems engineering program in the country! Loved ever minute of it. The faculty was great, and provided an environment where it was not all academic, but practical business engineering projects and discussions. Good options were introduced as well through Harvard, specially the course on Engineering Management. Highly recommended. Imran Mirza President at Strategic Services Consulting | CD, BSc, MSc, ITIL, Prince2, MoP President at Strategic Services Consulting | CD, BSc, MSc, ITIL, Prince2, MoP 1989 – 1991, MSc

A critical review on current debates about the effectiveness of self regulation of the UK press using the News Of The World as a case study The WritePass Journal

A critical review on current debates about the effectiveness of self regulation of the UK press using the News Of The World as a case study Introduction A critical review on current debates about the effectiveness of self regulation of the UK press using the News Of The World as a case study . The failure of self-regulation Perhaps the most significant condemnation of self-regulation stems from the current unethical (and illegal) practices which some journalists choose to engage in. Leading the way in underhand investigatory techniques was the tabloid paper NoW. Described by its owner James Murdoch as a crime fighter, it had a reputation for celebrity scoops and check-book journalism (08.07.11, BBC News). It was the desire to satiate its readership’s interest in this type of story which ultimately pushed it to commit serious violations of privacy. The first indications that it was engaging in phone hacking emerged in 2005 when the newspaper printed a story about a knee injury incurred by Prince William. Suspicions were raised as to how this information had been obtained and eventually the author of the article and an investigator from the paper were arrested and imprisoned for illegal phone hacking. To date the police have identified potentially 6,000 victims demonstrating the widespread extent o f this of crime (28.02.12, BBC News). Unable to sustain credibility the NoW closed in July 2011 under a torrent of allegations. The paper has had to pay out millions in damages to those whose privacy they compromised, including  £2million to the parents of Milly Dowler after it emerged that one of its journalists had tapped into the missing girl’s voicemails 28.02.12, BBC News). The inability of the Press Complaints Commission to prevent this type of journalistic behaviour, which reaches beyond the NoW, stems from a variety of factors. Unpacking current debate on self-regulation gets to the heart of these. Current debate over self-regulation In consequence of this scandal in November 2011 David Cameron convened the Leveson Inquiry to investigate the culture, practice and ethics of the press (24.04.12, BBC News). One of the findings that has emerged from the inquiry is that the Press Complaints Commission needs reforming. Lord Black, chairman of the body which funds it, told the inquiry that phone hacking has demonstrated that this institution lacks the investigative powers and the leverage needed to enforce editors to uphold their Code of Practice and apply punitive sanctions (01.02.12, BBC News). In a move which pre-empts the inquiry report the Press Complaints Commission announced in March 2012 that it would be closing and an interim body would take over until a new framework for a regulatory power can be put into place. This apparent failure of self-regulation has reignited the familiar debate as to how exactly the press should be regulated; can they be relied upon to implement it themselves or should some form of statutory regulation be resorted to? Cameron has indicated that the latter situation is not one he favours given that government regulation of the media does not lead to a free media (06.09.11, BBC News). He has not ruled out the idea however that independent regulation might function better if it was inaugurated through statute but kept removed from the government (06.09.11, BBC News). This would produce a body that is not dissimilar to Ofcom, which was created through statute and charged with overseeing the compliance of TV and radio to a code of practice. It is also an institution which firmly believes self-regulation can work for the press providing its governing council has ‘effective powers of enforcement and sanction’ and ‘genuine powers of investigation’ ( O’Carroll, The Guardian, 2012). Ofcom too believes that if self-regulation is to be viable then some aspects of it, particularly the rules governing membership, may have to be upheld by statute (O’Carroll). Other contributors to the ongoing debate about self-regulation have identified alternative aspects of the regulatory process which might be more effective if enforced by law. For instance O’Malley and Soley have argued that there is no reason why there should not be laws that guarantee the right to correction of factual inaccuracies in the press (O’Malley and Soley, p.2). Conservative MP George Eustice has come forward to say that a clearer privacy law which unequivocally balances the right to privacy against the right to freedom of expression would benefit both the public and the press (Eustice, The Guardian, 2012). Not everyone sees the phone hacking scandal as a failure of self-regulation. The Guardian’s Gill Phillip points the blame at internal management and the police for not investigating evidence they first obtained in 2006 (Phillips, 2012). The Press Complaints Commission, Phillips argues, was not designed to address criminal conduct (Phillips). If this situation was to be dealt with through more top-down regulation the result would be heightened complexity which would do no more than obscure the public’s rights and the press’ responsibilities(Phillips). Belsey certainly concurs with this standpoint arguing in Britain the media are already curtailed by the criminal laws of, to name a few, official secrets and sedition, by the civil laws of libel and breach of confidence, and as well as through the use of interlocutory or ‘gagging’ injunctions (Belsey, 1992, p. 6). Adding privacy to this list would have a damaging effect on journalism whilst in all likelihood having no impact on the gossip of tabloids. Furthermore legal restriction on the press will not only curb its democratic role but will also increase the instances when a journalist if faced with the dilemma of acting either legally or ethically (Belsey, p. 8; Harriss, 1992, p. 68). Conclusion – the way forward for self-regulation Self-regulation has been and continues to be undeniably flawed and this is typified by the activity of the NoW. This has been recognised and a significant overhaul of the system is on the agenda. Lord Hunt has proposed that the successor to the Press Complaints Commission should have two arms; the first should address complaints and mediation, the second should operate as an auditor which enforces standards and adherence to the editors’ code.   Additionally a more pronounced effort should be made by newspapers internally to self-regulate through the appointment of individuals responsible for compliance (Greenslade, The Guardian, 2012). This would create a regulatory body which has the ability to demand a continued and unwavering commitment to ethical journalism. Ofcom too are confident that if this new body has a robust framework and the authority to impose sanctions on wayward newspapers, effectual self-regulation could at last be overseeing the activity of the press (Oâ₠¬â„¢Carroll). The case of the Press Complaints Commission illustrates that voluntary self-regulation has been little more than a token effort at control over the industry. The blame for this, Tunstall suggests and events corroborate, is with the government for not finding the courage to insist on a compulsory system (Tunstall, 1996, p. 391). In all likelihood the press may have to reconcile themselves with the idea that their membership to this yet undecided regulator will be made obligatory by law. Arguably it would be this new system which differentiates the upcoming regulator from those which have fallen in its wake, and differentiation is certainly needed if the same failures of the past are not to be repeated. Bibliography Belsey, A., ‘Privacy, publicity and politics’, in Belsey and R. Chadwick (ed.), Ethical issues in journalism and the media, Routledge, London, 1992 Harris, N., ‘Codes of conduct for journalists’, in Belsey and R. Chadwick (ed.), 1992 O’Malley, T., and C. Soley, Regulating the Press, Pluto Press, London, 2000 Tunstall, J., Newspaper Power, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1996 ‘News of the World: An obituary’, 08.07.11, BBC News ‘Cameron warns MPs against regulation ‘revenge’ on media’, 06.09.11, BBC News ‘Phone hacking scandal: Timeline’, 28.02.12, BBC News ‘QA; The Leveson Inquiry’, 24.04.12, BBC News Greesnlade, R., ‘Hunt’s plan for a new form of press self-regulation, The Guardian, 09.03.12 Phillips, G., ‘Press freedom v privacy: Time for parliament to draw the line? The Guardian, 30.03.12 Eustice, G.,‘A privacy law is vital for the future of the British media’, The Guardian, 08.04.12 O’Carroll, L., ‘Ofcom: press self-regulation could work’, The Guardian, 18.04.2012 All BBC News articles accessed at www.bbc.co.uk/news on 28.04.12 All Guardian articles accessed at www.guardian.ac.uk on 28.04.12

Demand for Bonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Demand for Bonds - Essay Example Thus there will be a windfall loss if bonds are purchased. Thus, bond demand will be low. This also implies that if expected future bond prices are high, then the demand for bonds will rise and vice-versa. iv) Expected inflation: Expected inflation has an adverse impact on bond demand. If there is an increase in expected inflation, bond demand will fall and vice versa. v) Relative risk: If the risk associated with a bond increases relative to other assets the demand for that bond will fall. Analogously if there is a decline in the relative riskiness of a bond, its demand will increase. vi) Relative liquidity: If there is an increase in the relative liquidity of a bond, i.e., if converting the bond into cash becomes relatively easier, the demand for it shall rise if other things remain the same and vice versa. vi) Business-cycle movements: If the economy is undergoing a boom, there will be an increase in the demand for bonds. Similarly, the demand for bonds will fall if the economy is suffering a recessionary period. b) Analyse the following statement:   â€Å"This week, the yield on the US Treasury note closed below 3%, a level not seen in 50 years. In the UK, the 10-year Gilt yield sits below 4% for the first time since 1961, according to UBS. Germany’s Bund yield is closing in on 3%. ... This time, the threat of delfation is being taken more seriously. Should policymakers again avert that fate, bond yiels may be primed for an explosive rise as fiscal spending plans and the expansion in money supply suggest inflation is the likely outcome†. [Source: Financial times 28-Nov-2008] Before commenting on the report it will be useful to note that as mentioned above bond demands (and thus investment) are induced by business cycle booms and dissuaded during recessions. However, during booms since the threat of inflation looms large, it is a natural counteracting force to the possibility of overinvestment. Similarly, during recessions, the adverse effect on the demand for bonds can be countered by the threat of deflation. Now, let's turn to the report. The first and foremost point to note in this context is the date of the report. It is dated November, 2008. Thus the US, UK and the German economies were in recession, arguably the worst one since the great depression (This was during the heart of the global financial crisis). Thus, one should expect expansionary monetary policies during this time. Lower interest rates ideally stimulated investment demand and thus increase the effective demand which leads to an expansion in real aggregate output with a multiplier effect and thus employment as well. What is reported seems to be along the same lines of intention. The current yields on US Treasury note fell to a level that was a precedent in 50 years. Similarly there was a decline in long term yields in the UK economy (gilt) and Germany (bund yields). However, in order for this policy to work, the falling bond yields

The math behind the Pendulum Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The math behind the Pendulum - Research Paper Example As the period of a pendulum is constant, pendulums were used to regulate the movement of clocks. Until the 1930’s pendulums were the most accurate time keeping devices of the world. In 1583, the Italian scientist Galileo first noted the constancy of a pendulum’s period by comparing the movement of a swinging chandelier in a Pisa cathedral with his pulse rate. He found that the time was not a function of how wide the chandelier swung. As the wind was blowing the chandelier, it was swinging different distances side to side or amplitudes. Galileo found that the pendulum swung more slowly. Over a shorter swing, the chandelier took just as many of his heartbeats to complete a swing with greater amplitude. Galileo made an error in the calculation of the angle of the chandelier. In 1656, the Dutch mathematician and scientist Christian Huygens invented a clock controlled by the motion of a pendulum (Huygens and the Pendulum, Princeton). The accuracy of mechanical clocks improve d in the span of a couple of decades in the early 17th century from plus or minus half an hour per day to one second per day. This quantum increase in accuracy of timing enabled previously unimagined degrees of precision measurement in mechanics, astronomy and other fields of study. Time then for the first time was expressed as an independent variable in the investigation of nature. For example, each of the following could be reliably investigated for the first time: The effect of force on objects over time The distance of fall over time The change of speed over time The radial movements of planets over time The progress of chemical reactions over time All these investigations required that the time could be accurately and reliably measured. Thus the pendulum held a very important place as a time keeping device. Competent time measurement was a requirement for modern science and the pendulum enabled this to happen (Story behind the science, Web). The pendulum played more than a scie ntific and technical role in the formation of the modern world. It also indirectly changed cultures and societies through its impact on navigation. Position on the Earth’s surface is given by latitude and longitude. A traveler sailing across the sea must know the coordinates of his present position as well the coordinates of his destination. Hence the knowledge of position was essential for reliable traveling and trading. Accurate time measurement was long seen as the solution to the problem of longitude determination which had vexed European maritime nations in their efforts to sail beyond Europe’s shores. Treasure fleets from Latin America, trading ships from the Far East were all getting lost and running out of food and water. The pendulum thus played a pivotal role in resolving the longitude problem and thus holds an important place in Physics as well as History. This thesis will focus on the interesting aspects about the period of a pendulum and its mathematical d erivation. According to Hooke’s law, the restoring force of a spring is directly proportional to its displacement. Fig 1: Physical representation of Hooke’s law The above figure shows a spring elongated through a length x. F is the force that wants to drive the spring back to equilibrium. By Hooke’s law, |F| ? |x| F = -kx where k is the spring constant measured in Newton/metre (N/m) Here, the negative sign represents that the direction of F is opposite to that of x. Moving further on, consider the case

Is Immortality Desirable?

Is Immortality Desirable? Abstract In this paper I discuss whether immortality in the physical form is desirable. In accordance with the deprivation account I seek to defend the commonsense view that death is a bad thing for the individual but will argue that consistency and logic does not require me to believe that an immortal existence is to be desired. I defend Bernard Williams claim that with an immortal life we are doomed to an eternity of never ending repetition, boredom and indifference and that death is a necessary evil if we are to avoid a life devoid of freshness. I will also argue that death and the very limitation that its sets down gives life meaning. In support of Victor Fankl I will defend the claim that it is time pressure that shapes our lives. In developing my argument I will oppose the counter argument that it is death that makes life meaningless not meaningful. Is Immortality desirable? Is it simply a design fault that we age and die? Are we living in a culture of death whereby we die simply because we accept it as an inevitability? â€Å"All men are mortal† said Socrates, however, a lifetime spent on in-depth research has led pioneering scientists to deem aging not as an inevitable consequence of the human condition but as a preventative disease. Perhaps these scientists are far too optimistic in their search for a virtual fountain of youth, or is it simply the case that death – the end of the physical being, is accepted by the mind and embraced through reinforced teachings and observation. Whether you believe that a quest for immortality will or will never be achieved is irrelevant to the question at hand. The focus will be on whether immortality is desirable, assuming something can be desired yet impossible. Clarification of what I mean by immortality is essential; I will focus on what can be described as physical immortality- by this I mean that on e can live for eternity as a human physical being on earth (where everyone is immortal). In my interpretation, I will also assume that there is no get out clause, take for example one is offered an elixir of immortal life, once taken a person cannot change their mind opting for death- immortality is forever. My definition will also incorporate a block on aging; eternity will be lived through a perfectly healthy functioning body. Accidents will be possible but can be fixed with ease. Intentionally, I have painted a picture of immortality which may at first glance seem desirable, as one may be quick to argue that an immortal life where a person is forever aging to the point of an eternity of pain and discomfort and where accidents occurred and could not be fixed is simply not one to be desired. However, throughout this essay I will put forward the argument that those who believe immortality to be desirable have made an irrational choice, it would be a mistake to crave an immortal life and take the elixir of eternal existence. I will approach this issue by initially examining Nagels (1970) question of whether it is a terrible thing to go out of existence, I will agree and defend the deprivation account of the evil and badness of death claiming it is possible to do so while maintaining immor tality would be a bad thing. The idea that boredom will develop if there was no end to human life will be explored, assessing much of the support from Bernard Williams (1973) as well as opposing and tackling one of John Martin Fischers (1994) criticisms of the above view. The second argument that I will present (which overlaps with my first) will be based on the meaning of life, I will argue that death and the very limitations that it sets down gives life meaning and this will be explored by assessing the views of Victor Frankl (1957) as well as counterarguments by Robert Nozicks (1981). Firstly, to determine whether immortality is a good thing, I pose the question of whether death is a bad thing. Death is an ambiguous term so let me be clear of the definition it will take in my essay. I will take death to mean the end of the physical being, the cessation of life. I am aware that defining death in this way is problematic but let us assume for the sake of simplicity that this is correct. My concern at this point is whether death is a bad thing for the person who dies, referring to the state of non existence (at least in the physical form), not the process of dying. For many, a rational response in life is to fear death- after all, it is our most personal and valuable asset, but is it really, as Nagel stated, a terrible thing to go out of existence? There has been extensive philosophical discussion and disagreement regarding this matter, with philosophers such as Bernard Williams (1973), who argue death has its rightful place; a point to which I will later return, and there are those such as Thomas Nagel (1970) who speak of its badness. Lucretius, however, argue that something can only be good or bad for a person if that person exists at the time the event takes place and is experienced, if we take death to mean non-existence where non-existence is nothingness then death cannot be said to be good or bad as only something can be interpreted in this way. I, however, believe that death is bad, agreeing with Nagel in most parts but at the same time believe that immortality, never dying is also bad, this is not a contradiction. I disagree with the Lucretius argument for the very same reason Nagel rejected their reasoning, Nagel presents an example of an individual betrayed unknowingly behind his back, although the person never becomes aware of this, it seems fair to say that the betrayal was a bad thing for the person involved, in this way the Lucretius connection between badness and experience does not hold true (Nagel, 1970:76). It may be the case that something can be intrinsically bad, bad in itself or in its own right, for example, pain is avoided for its own sake. It may also be the case that something can be comparatively bad, bad by virtue of what youre not getting while this other thing is present. I take the latter point to be the case for the badness of death. It seems to me that something can be bad even if you dont exist, e xistence is not a requirement, in fact it is the very fact that you dont exist that makes death bad. The central bad about death, about non existence, is that it deprives you of the goods of life you might otherwise be getting, I couldnt fall in love, enjoy a sunset or master philosophy.From this, it should follow that life is good because if I wasnt dead I wouldnt be deprived; more of a good thing is always better than less of a good thing; therefore more life is better than less life; it should follow therefore that eternal life never dying is exceptionally good. However, the rules of logic and reason do not require somebody who accepts the deprivation account to believe that immortality is to be desired. Looking closely at the deprivation account, what it claims is that death is bad insofar as it deprives us of the good things we could have otherwise experienced, but we shouldnt assume that life is good or always good (maybe Nagel does or often seems to assume this) what if it turned out that what you would have hereafter would be in fact a life full of bad things. It would there fore be a bad thing that you would go through the rest of your life which in this case would be an eternity with negative experiences. I will now go on to explain that it is an inevitability that an eternal life will somewhere down the line cease to be good, transforming into an eternity of badness in which case still in accordance with the deprivation account death will no longer be bad. I agree that at first thought immortality may be tempting the argument that life is too short will no longer exist. Think of all the things you could get done, you could devout years to writing great philosophy, you could take pleasure in countless sunsets and sunrises, you could enjoy things endlessly having more time to see and achieve things that you would have otherwise not had time to. Here is my argument, too much of a good thing can become a bad thing, medicine for example is something which is instrumentally good, however, although it is good in small doses in that it cures a disease for example if I take more than the prescribed amount it becomes harmful to my body. In this same way extending human life by 50 or even a 100 years can be good but what if someone added a thousand, a million, an eternity to your life? Having done and seen everything you could possible have imagined everything will start to feel the same, having experienced love and the sunset millions of times t hey would no longer excite you. Eternity is a very long time, forever goes on forever and boredom will eventually set in leaving you existing as oppose to living. It seems that I am in agreement with Bernard Williams, in his essay â€Å"The Makropulos Case:Reflections on the Tedium of Immortality† (1973) who also argues that an eternal existence would be intolerable, claiming that as human beings it is inevitable that by our very nature we will get bored we would be doomed to never ending repetition and boredom, life would simply be devoid of interest or freshness. He supports his view by discussing a play by Karel Capek which tells of a woman named Elina Makropulos, who at the age of 42 was given an elixir of eternal life by her father. The play is set 300 years on and Elina is now aged 342, Williams states that â€Å"Her unending life has come to a state of boredom, indifference, and coldness. Everything is joyless: â€Å"in the end it is the same,† she says, â€Å"singing and silence.† She refuses to take the elixir again; she dies; and the formula is deliberately destroyed by a young woman among the protest of some older men† (Williams,1973:82). EM has lived her life at the age of 42 for 300 years and it seems that everything that could happen to a woman of 42 has already happened to her. John Martin Fischer in an article titled Why immortality is not so bad criticizes Williams argument; Fischer asserts that if there was a sufficiently diverse package of experiences we would not get bored (Fischer 1994). He acknowledges that there are those pleasures that would be self exhausting, those which we would not want to repeat more than once or a few times as we would inevitably get bored. His examples of these self exhausting pleasures include pleasures that are disappointing which one would not want to repeat for that very reason and those non-disappointing pleasures which you do to fulfil a goal to prove something to yourself, for example, to overcome your phobia of heights you climb Mount Whitney but this is an experience you do not want to repeat. He acknowledges that there are those pleasures that are self exhausting but ther e are many repeatable pleasures that we would never get bored of like listening to beautiful music or seeing great art and we would therefore never fall victim to Williams boredom account. I disagree with Fischer, firstly it seems to me his examples of self exhausting pleasures present a distorted view of what pleasure really is. I agree that disappointing pleasures may appear to be pleasurable before the act but after we experience the disappointment they cease to fall into this category. It appears that these disappointing pleasures are not pleasures at all and should not fall into the category of self exhausting pleasures. It is a similar case for his example of non disappointing self exhausting pleasures like climbing a mountain to overcome a phobia, climbing this mountain is not done for sheer pleasure, we may experience pride and we may experience some pleasure from this pride but the very act is done reluctantly and is not pleasurable within itself. To claim that he partly agrees with Williams that there are those pleasure that are self exhausting is somewhat misleading what he presents in the above case are not pleasures at all. What Williams said, is to think of the most perfect immortality that you can imagine and imagine doing this forever, the above so called pleasures do not fall into this; it seems obvious they would not want to be repeated. Fischer also goes on to explain a second category of pleasures which he called repeatable pleasures which include listening to music and enjoying art, Fischer believed that if these pleasures were appropriately distributed (not too closely to each other ) they could be repeated countless times. I disagree; although in this case they could be classed as pleasure, it seems we would still inevitably get bored maybe not after 100 or even two hundred years but somewhere down the line of a never ending life we would get bored. I can only enjoy a piece of music a limited number of times before it no longer brings me pleasure. However at this point an objection may arise; some may argue that human potential is endless reducing the likelihood of boredom. There are millions of songs to be heard and millions more that will emerge, there is a countless number of things that can be enjoyed that will never run out so you are not doomed to be repeating the same things over and over, and maybe when things start to get tedious new things will be invented to occupy our minds. The response to this is that having heard a thousand, a million, two million, songs they will all eventually take the same shape, nothing new can be invented that would be so drastically different from all previous inventions. Another point to be made is that Elina Makropulos maintains the same character throughout her life changing only to adapt to her surroundings it could therefore be suggested that the boredom she experienced was a result of her unchanging character not the fact that she lived for such a long period of time. Williams addresses this throughout his article, he argues that as human beings we aim to be, and usually succeed, in becoming a certain type of person, we develop a certain set of interests, a certain way of acting and we become settled as that type of person. His thought is that those who can avoid boredom and continue to find things interesting are not sufficiently mature there seems to be something wrong with them as such immortality is not a life for a hu man being (Williams 1973) . Let us now introduce a way boredom can be avoided in accordance with his argument, a possibility Williams considers is rejuvenation; by this he means you remain a human being in that you maintain the same body but every so often you are rejuvenated, a certain part of your history disappears and is replaced by a new start. Although this seems to deal with the boredom issue Williams does questions whether this is in fact you? Every time I am rejuvenated I have no recollection of my prior self and build a whole new character based on different memories and experiences. It seems wrong to say that I am the same person after being rejuvenated for the hundredth time as I was prior to my first rejuvenation (Williams,1973:92). Even if we are persuaded that you are the same person Williams would argue that it is not giving you anything that you could be interested in, the absence of a continuity of consciousness is a serious problem. Even if it is not death it is as bad as death to be rejuvenated in this way. Another possibility to consider is the gradual deterioration of memory where we forget things as time goes on for example every 200 years. However I believe this raises the same question as above are we really the same person if we live in a 200 year envelope? Williams concludes that death is a necessary e vil; we should hope to die if we are to avoid the alternative of immortality. My second argument to why immortality is not desirable is based on the meaning of life. I believe that death and the very limitations that it sets down gives life meaning. My second argument overlaps with my first but what I wish to specifically argue here is that it is the very fact that we are here for what is comparatively a short time that makes our lives meaningful, in the way we act and behave, this is the idea that it is time pressure that shapes our lives. It is irrelevant whether one believes or does not believe in god or any form of creator or greater being, they will still find life meaningless without death, even if you merely carry on living out of the fear of dying. I believe that all good things have to have a beginning, middle and an end and each is necessary and is enjoyed accordingly. Victor Frankl argues that death itself is what makes life meaningful, his reasoning is as follows: â€Å"What would our lives be like if they were not finite in time, but infinite? If we were immortal, we would legitimately postpone every action forever. It would be of no consequence whether or not we did a thing now; every act might just as well be done tomorrow or the day after or a year from now or ten years hence. But in the face of death as absolute finis to our future boundary to our possibilities, we are under the imperative of utilizing our lifetimes to utmost, not letting the singular opportunities- whose finite sum constitutes the whole of life-pass by unused† (Frankl,1957:73). Nozick , however, has a problem with this argument, in his book â€Å"Philosophical explanation† he wonders whether death in fact makes life meaningless not meaningful, he argues that â€Å"Frankl assumes our only desire is to have done certain things, to put certain things somewhere on our record†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.However, we may desire to do things; our desire need not be merely to have done them. Moreover, if we had an infinite life, we might view it as a whole, as something to organize, shape and do something with† (Nozick,1981:579-580) I disagree, firstly it was not assumed by Frankl that we merely do things to put them on record, what was being said is that we have a limited amount of time to do things but we do not merely do them just to tick a box but to grow and evolve as human beings because pursuing our goals enriches our lives. It is the very fact that we have a finite time that motivates us to make those decisions and do those things that enhance our lives, which would only be forever delayed with an infinite existence. For example why should I go to school if I dont like it? The simple answer is to learn to acquire skills that would help me to achieve and make something of my self before I die and cease to exist. If I was immortal, learning trigonometry would seem less attractive than watching TV or playing computer games all day. I get more pleasure from such things (in the short term at least) and watching TV is certainly easier than studying and Ill get round to learning trigonometry sometime.Time press ure is what makes us set goals, with an immortal life tasks would forever be extended and a consequence would emerge whereby we would be less likely to do things of value, we would become a stagnant society where simple pleasures rule. Even if we are partly motivated by the desire to do things not only to have done things they would still be postponed and contrary to what Nozick claims this would matter as the desire alone to do things does not make ones life meaningful it may contribute to some poor will to carry on living (to do that specific thing) but will not give satisfaction to ones life. Nozick also questions whether death in fact makes life meaningless? Many argue that death renders life futile because we will all eventually die and so there is no point in developing character or studying calculus if our progress is ultimately going to be permanently interrupted and it will all go to waste. It seems to me that to argue that death makes life meaningless is to argue that something can only be meaningful if it lasts forever. The truth is that many things we value and find worthwhile do not last forever. I affirm that most if not all actions other than pleasures within themselves are predominantly motivated by the desire to get things done and enrich our lives from them before we die. Death is a deadline, a necessary evil; we know every day that passes we will never get back and this gives meaning and shapes how we live and thus an immortal life is not one to be desired. So far a strong argument has been provided for the undesirability of an immortal life but is there any situation in which immortality can be desired? In setting out what I meant by immortality I disallowed a get out clause, let us now suppose you would be able to live as long as you wanted and when you eventually had enough it would be possible to take your own life, is the elixir of eternal existence now more attractive? Surely it is, however, this is not all together straight forward. Take for example a mortal who chooses to commit suicide, in taking their own life he/she is giving up for example another 30 years, however, in the case of an immortal he/she is giving up what is essentially an eternity. They may be unhappy now but they could not possibly know that this would be the case in a million or a billion years time, choosing to take an immortal life is of greater consequence. In allowing a get out clause we would also become a very unadventurous and risk- averse society, who would take the risk of bungee jumping, paragliding and so forth if what they are risking is an infinite lifespan? Although this may seem a more attractive model of immortality it is complicated and can it really be called immortality if we allow this get out clause? It seems to me the very fact that we would choose this model supports my argument, that immortality would cease to be good and we would all sooner or later opt to take our own lives. In conclusion immortality in the physical human sense is never a good thing. It should not be desired; whatever perfect life you imagine to want to experience forever it will soon become tedious and boredom will eventually set in. Death is therefore necessary, even in accordance with the deprivation account, as further existence would become a bad thing sooner or later and it will no longer be the case whereby death deprives you of the good things life has to offer but where death provides an end to all that is bad with an eternal existence. It is also the inevitability of death that gives life reason and shape, the very fact that we have a limited lifespan motivates people through a sense of urgency to spend their time doing those things that contribute meaning and enrich their lives which would forever be delayed with inevitable consequences with an immortal life. Without death there would be no such thing as sacrifice, putting a lifes work into something, heroism and courage, we w ould lack appreciation for our existence, life would not be as serious or meaningful. I believe there to be an artistic necessity about dying- in the same way a picture has a frame, one cannot imagine an infinite painting, or a play has a shape and a final curtain, one cant imagine a play going on forever. Why grope for some mysterious realm for which we are not properly equipped to function in? Although I have argued that immortality is bad, this is not to say that it is a good thing that we die when we do, in accordance with all above arguments one can still think that we die too soon. Bibliography Fischer, M. (1994). Why Immortality is Not So Bad. International Journal of Philosophical Studies. 2, 257-270. Frankl, V (1957). The Doctor and the Soul. Alfred Knopf. New York Nagel, T (1970). Death. Nous. 4, 73-80 Nozick, R (1981). Philosophical Explanations. Oxford.  Clarendon Press Williams, B (1973). Problems of the Self: Philosophical Papers 1956-1972. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Adult versus children learning

Although it is my opinion that children and adults differ in the degree to which methods facilitate their learning, I still think that both have the ability to profit from the use of those similar methods. Such strategies as rehearsal and repetition seem to work especially well with children, though less so with adults. I believe this has to do with the fact that children naturally find repetition a diverting exercise, while adults generally dislike doing it. Motivation, therefore, plays a major role in the success of both learners. Such methods of learning as metaphors and imagery would appear to have similar effects on both adults and children. It would seem to me that these methods would work better with adults, who are likely to already possess a schema for much of what is being learned and would thereby be able to make better connections. However, I once read of such learning inhibitors as interference (especially in adult language learning), in which prior knowledge of a language and expectations about learning get in the way of the information to be assimilated (August, 2006). Motivation is also a critical aspect of learning (Zhao & Mogan, 2004). Adults tend to be more motivated when learning, and therefore, in such cases will be able to benefit from methods that might otherwise not be conducive to adult learning. I think the efficacy of such methods as repetition is dependent on the person’s willingness to do it. A motivated adult would therefore benefit from repetition as a learning method. For example, a few summers ago I tried to learn German, and even though I stopped after a few months, I find that the motivation I had at the time caused me to learn quite a few vocabulary words via repetition. This is the same method I used as a child while learning Spanish in high school. As an adult, my motivation was to communicate with a Swiss friend whom I was tutoring; as a child, it was to continue getting some of the highest Spanish grades in my class. Both experiences suggest to me that children and adults tend to learn in similar ways. References August, G. (2006). â€Å"So, what’s behind adult English second-language reading?† Bilingual    Research Journal. 30(2), 245-264. Zhao & Morgan. (2004). â€Å"Consideration of Age in L2 Attainment – Children, Adolescents and Adults.† Asian EFL Journal. 6(4), 1-13.

Organic Lab 7

Amanda Jornd Experiment 7- Synthesis and Reactivity of tert-Butyl Chloride Via an SN1 Reaction Introduction/Background: Alkyl halides are compounds in which a halogen atom replaces a hydrogen atom of an alkane. Alkyl halides are classified as primary, secondary or tertiary depending on the number of alkyl substituents directly attached to the carbon attached to the halogen atom. The purpose of this lab was to properly prepare t-butyl chloride from t-butyl-alcohol in a concentrated hydrochloric acid.The reaction occurs through a nucleophilic substitution, which is when a nucleophile replaces the leaving group in the substrate. In this lab, the hydroxyl group of t-butyl alcohol is replaced by a chlorine atom. The reaction proceeds through an SN1 mechanism (Weldegirma 38-41). â€Å"A nucleophile is any neutral or uncharged molecule with an unshared pair of electrons. In the substitution reaction, the nucleophile donates an electron pair to the substrate, leading to the formation of a n ew bond to the nucleophile, while breaking the existing bond to the leaving group† (Solomons and Fryhle 99-102).The two types of nucleophilic substitution reactions, SN1 and SN2, are identified based on whether the different steps occur simultaneously (SN1) or in two separate steps (SN2). To synthesize the t-butyl chloride, the t-butyl alcohol goes through an SN1 reaction. Also, the nature of the solvent can affect which substitution reaction will occur. Polar protic solvents typically favor SN1 reactions. This is because the SN1 mechanism is carried out in two steps and the polar protic solvent produces both a cation and an anion which are capable of stabilizing the charges on the ions formed during the reaction.Because an SN2 reaction occurs in one step, this is unfavorable; however, the SN2 reactions tend to favor polar aprotic solvents. Another factor affecting the type of substitution reaction is the nature of the leaving group. Since the SN1 reactions occur in one step, they generally require an excellent leaving group and won’t typically run with a poor leaving group. The SN2 reaction also favors excellent leaving groups but can run with any type of leaving group because it is run in two different steps. To synthesize the t-butyl chloride, the t-butyl alcohol goes through an SN1 reaction. Weldegirma 38-41). Mechanism of the preparation of tert-butyl chloride: Possible side reaction during the preparation of tert-butyl chloride: Experimental Section/Flow Chart: Part 1: 60mL separatory funnel + cooled 15mL of concentrated HCl to 0? C + added 15mL of HCl to separatory funnel + added 5mL tert-butyl alcohol +swirled it without the stopper for 20 minutes + let stand until two distinct layers were formed + drained lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and saved just incase Organic Layer- in separatory funnel +added 30mL of DI water + swirled for a few minutes let stand until two distinct layers formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and s aved just incase Organic Layer- in separatory Funnel + added 15mL of 5% sodium bicarbonate + shook with stopper with venting + let stand for a few minutes until two distinct layers formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and kept just incase Organic Layer- in separatory funnel + added 15mL of water + swirled for a couple minutes + let stand until two distinct layers have formed + drew off lower layer into Erlenmeyer flask and kept just incase Organic Layer transferred product layer into clean/dry 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask + added 1. 5 grams of anhydrous calcium chloride to dry the product +decanted into round bottom flask + added 6 boiling stones + ran through a simple distillation Tert-Butyl Chloride Part 2- Test tube #1- + added . 1mL tert-butyl chloride from part 1 + added 1mL of NaI + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Negative Result Test Tube #2- + added . 1mL tert-butyl chloride from part 1 + added 1mL of AgNO3 + shoo k while holding top of test tube with finger recorded time, look, color, etc. Positive Result Test Tube # 3- + added . 2mL tert-chloro butane + added 1mL of NaI + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Positive Result Test Tube #4- + added . 2mL tert-chloro butane + added 1mL of AgNO3 + shook while holding top of test tube with finger + recorded time, look, color, etc. Negative Result Table of Chemicals: Table of Chemicals 1: Table of Chemicals 1: Chemical Name-| Physical Properties- | Chemical Properties- | Tert-Butyl Alcohol-| M. P. -25-26 ? CB. P. – 82-83? CMolecular Weight- 74. 2 g/molWater Solubility- miscible| Combustible- noFlammable- yes| Hydrochloric Acid-| M. P. – -114? CB. P. – -85. 05? CMolecular Weight-36. 4 g/mol| Combustible- yesFlammable- no| Sodium bicarbonate-(Chembook) (Chembook) | M. P. – 50? CB. P. – 851? CMolecular Weight- 84 g/molWater Solubility- 9 g/ 100mL| Combustible- noFlammab le-no| Table of Chemicals 2: Table of Chemicals 2: Tert-butyl chloride-| M. P. – -26? CB. P. – 51? CMolecular Weight- 92. 57 g/molWater Solubility- sparingly| Combustible- noFlammable-yes| Anhydrous calcium chloride- | M. P. – 772? CB. P. – 1935?CMolecular Weight- 110. 98 g/molWater Solubility- 74. 5 g/ 100mL| Combustible- yes/ slightlyFlammable- no| Silver nitrate-| M. P. – 212? CB. P. – 444? CMolecular Weight- 169. 87 g/molWater Solubility- 122 g/100mL| Combustible- noFlammable- no| Sodium iodide-(Chembook) (Chembook) | M. P. – 661? CB. P. – 1304? CMolecular Weight- 149. 89 g/molWater Solubility- 178. 8 g / 100mL| Combustible- noFlammable- no| Table of Chemicals 3: Table of Chemicals 3: 1-chlorobutane- (Chembook) (Chembook) | M. P. – -123? CB. P. – 78? CMolecular Weight- 92. 57 g/molWater Solubility- . g/L| Combustible- YesFlammable-Yes| Results: Percent Yield- t-butyl alcohol: Density = Mass/Volume : M= . 842 x 5 = 4. 21 grams Mass/ M. W. = # moles : 4. 21 g / 74. 12 g/mol = . 0568 moles of t-butyl alcohol t-butyl chloride: Density = Mass / Volume : M= . 397 x 2 = . 794 grams mass / M. W. = # moles: . 794 g / 92. 57 g/mol = . 00858 moles of t-butyl chloride Because of a 1:1 ratio then you can use actual / theoretical x 100 . 00858 moles / . 0568 moles x 100 = 15. 105 % Results Table 1: Results Table 1: | Color| Precipitate appearance| Time of precipitate| After warm water (50?C) bath| Positive or Negative Result| Test Tube # 1- T-butyl chloride & NaI| Clear/ faint tint of yellow| No precipitate| Over 6 minutes and still no precipitate| Nothing occurred after 6 minutes in the steam bath| Negative Result| Test Tube # 2- T-butyl chloride & AgNO3| Cloudy and white| Yes, small solid particles| . 8 seconds| N/A| Positive Result| Test Tube # 3- t-chloro butane & NaI| Slightly cloudy with initial drop but quickly turned clear| No precipitate after 6 minutes| 6 minutes RT, for steam bath 4 minutes 58 seconds| Yellow solution as well as white precipitate on bottom formed. Positive Result| Test Tube #4- t-chloro butane & AgNO3| Clear colorless liquid| No precipitate| 6 minutes RT, 6 minutes steam bath| No precipitate| Negative Result| Discussion: Throughout this lab, the main goal was to properly create a t-butyl chloride. In order to test if we properly received our product we tested the sample with two different solvents, a solvent of sodium iodide and silver nitrate. If an alkyl halide is a tertiary one, it can easily react with a solvent of silver nitrate to generate a relatively stable tertiary carbocation through an SN1 reaction.If an alkyl halide is a primary one, it can then react with iodide ions in the sodium iodide solvent by an SN2 mechanism showing a precipitate of insoluble sodium chloride. Heat can also be used in this process to speed up the reaction (Weldegirma 38-41). The first test we ran was t-butyl chloride and sodium iodine. After mixing the two compounds , there was only a slight tint to the liquid but remained clear and precipitate free for 6 minutes of being room temperature. We then placed it in a warm water in which there was no precipitate that formed while being heated.This test yielded a negative result. The second test that we ran was t-butyl chloride and silver nitrate. Directly after mixing the compounds, there was an immediate white precipitate that had formed. This test yielded a positive result. A negative result with sodium iodide and a positive result of silver nitrate concluded that our solution of t-butyl chloride was a pure tertiary alkyl halide. Our third test was run with t-chloro butane and sodium iodide. This test initially did not form a precipitate while it was kept at room temperature.We then used a warm water bath in which after 5 minutes the solution formed a white precipitate and a yellow liquid. This shows that this test was a positive test. The fourth test was with t-chloro butane and silver nitrate. Th is test did not form a precipitate at room temperature or during the steam bath. This shows a negative result. With the t-chloro butane, the negative result with silver nitrate and the positive result of sodium iodide prove that this is indeed a primary alkyl halide. Conclusion:In this lab, we properly carried out an SN1 reaction from t-butyl alcohol to t-butyl chloride and found that we did in fact create a t-butyl chloride by getting a positive result from our silver nitrate test in the end. Although we weren’t able to visibly see with our eye the nucleophilic attack, the steps that we carried out in the lab showed the separated layers and that there were reactions going on during each step. The organic layer that was continuously washed was undergoing the slow reaction process during each separating stage.In the end, after the distillation of the solution, the SN1 reaction was completely carried out. The information from this data has revealed that it is possible to carry out an SN1 reaction in a lab; however, in the process of washing the product there will be a lot of material lost giving a low percent yield in the end. It would be smart to use chemicals that are inexpensive and in large quantities to carry out these types of reactions. The information and techniques performed in this lab could be applied to other situations in an industrial setting.One example of this could be creating chlorofluorocarbons which used to be produced for aerosol cans and other products. Although these are no longer widely used in the world due to ozone effect, the SN1 reaction could be done with these chemicals. Overall, the lab accomplished what it was set out to do. References: â€Å"Chemical Book. † 2008.

Binge Drinking On College Campuses - 1536 Words

Lisa Martinez WRT 106 Dr. Yacob Ali 30 November 2015 Binge Drinking on College Campuses Approximately four out of five college students drink alcohol (niaaa.nih.gov). Although alcohol does not have immediate negative effects, over consumption can lead to serious consequences. For example, 1,825 college students between the ages of 18 and 24 die each year from alcohol-related unintentional injuries (niaaa.nih.gov).Most alcohol-related injuries and accident are a result of binge drinking. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines binge drinking as a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dl. â€Å"Although people of all ages, races, and genders participate in binge drinking, it is especially popular among college students†(Clinkinbeard Michael 302). Although a majority of college students are under aged and leaglly can not drink, binge drinking has become so prevalent, that it has become part of college culture. In movies, television shows, and music, alcoho l is often referenced and can influence students to make regrettable decisions. When students decide to binge drink, they can experience the consequences that result from it. Binge drinking has become a major problem on college campuses across the country and can negatively impact a student’s health, social life, academic performance, and it can lead to unintentional injuries and deaths. Alcohol is any drink that contains Ethyl alcohol, or ethanol,Show MoreRelatedBinge Drinking On College Campuses1459 Words   |  6 PagesMr. Paul October 28, 2014 Binge Drinking On College Campuses Over the past few years, there has been this big debate about whether the drinking age should be lowered to 18 or if it should stay at 21. Those in favor of lowering the drinking age to 18 argue that someone who is old enough to serve their country should be allowed to have a drink. 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