Employee Recruitment and Selection Essay - 1677 Words

The word recruitment is described as the procedure of choosing the workers and then registering them for satisfying the openings in the business. The procedure is employed to distinguish the possible citizens who are appropriate for carrying out a definite job. The procedure endeavors to discover the most excellent individuals for the job. Conversely, selection is a procedure of choosing the individuals by scrutinizing them on diverse standards. Selection is referred to as the preliminary phase or footstep of employment since for hiring the novel workers selection is executed first. In addition, no set criterion for the procedure of selection exists. The workers are chosen consistent with the nature of work in addition to because of†¦show more content†¦Devoid of it can place many businessmen in grave dilemma. Company Policies of recruitment and retaining determine its prospect development and trade outlooks. The initial footstep towards the employment of effectual sales pe ople necessitates an immense notice to details. The employers are supposed to center on the lasting advantages of a individual rather than employing each apparently intelligent applicant (Leader, 1990). A corporation has to implement a rationalized recruitment procedure that comprises a sequence of interviews and, at times physical examination (Vaccaro, 1995) . The examination could be essential in companies wherein a sales person has to take intense samples to the prospective customers The perfect approach of recruiting sales individuals is to generate a collection of applicants. A Company can concentrate on the core issues prior to making this criteria for prospect sales group. The initial precedence should be offered to a person’s experiences as well as self-motivation. The selling technique qualities or more outstandingly, the existence of selling aptitudes is essential. The principal interview ought to aid one in determining the selling competence of an applicant. Acting stupid in the interview and raising numerous questions aids in discovering excellent talent (Vaccaro , 1995). Hiring the correct individual for the correct job is very vital for all managers. By usingShow MoreRelatedEmployee Recruitment and Selection1244 Words   |  5 PagesEmployee Recruitment and Selection David Custer, Tim Grady, Perfecto Luna, Tiffany Servatius, Cinde Vongprachanh HRM/531 Human Capital Management November 14, 2012 Thomas (Skip) Wilkins Employee Recruitment and Selection Employee recruitment and selection has become increasingly challenging in today’s organizational environments. Intense competition among employers demand that organizations continuallyRead MoreEmployee Recruitment And Selection Process1453 Words   |  6 Pagesand effictivess of their hiring processes. BODY: recruitment A. quality quantity of applicants B. overall recruitment costs C. Diversity of applicants D. Recruitment time frame BODY: evaluating the recruitment functions It is critical to asses the effectiveness of a recruiters efforts. The evaluation process of the recruiter truly depends of the comprehensives and reliable data, quality, disposition of the applicants, along with the recruitment costs and how well the HRIS system functions. ThereRead MoreEmployee Recruitment and Selection Process at Smeda10645 Words   |  43 Pagesanalyze employee recruitment and selection process at SMEDA. The researcher wants to add suggestions and recommendations through this study in the final phase of the research report to improve the current recruitment and selection process of SMEDA. 2. Purpose of the Study The main purpose of this study is to analyze â€Å"Employee Recruitment and Selection† at SMEDA. The primary purpose of selection activities is to prepare which job applicant will be successful if hired. During the selection processRead MoreEmployee Selection Proposal : Recruitment Selection And Retention Efforts Essay1697 Words   |  7 PagesEmployee Selection Proposal I have reviewed Alamo Waste’s recruitment, selection, and retention efforts. I have identified some weaknesses. In the recruitment process, weaknesses include using Craigslist, unemployment offices and college job boards. The internet is a very good resource for recruiting, but there are more useful and trust-worthy job sites other than Craigslist. Another weakness is that interviews are brief and the questions depend on the interviewer. The interviews should be structuredRead MoreA Summary of Modern Practices in Employee Recruitment and Selection Methods1451 Words   |  6 PagesA summary of modern practices in employee recruitment and selection methods Business revolves around people. It’s the people in the business that run it so therefore it’s always important to have the best employee to do it. That is why selection is such an important aspect of any organisation, small time or bigger. It is fundamental to the performance of any business or establishment that the personnel that it employs are competent to fill the role, and enhance the companies overall performanceRead MoreThe Role Of Recruitment And Selection For Employee Performance And Positive Organizational Outcomes1642 Words   |  7 PagesRecruitment and selection can play a very important role in shaping an organization’s effectiveness and performance, by thus organizations are able to hire workers who already possess relevant knowledge, skills and aptitude and are able to make an accurate visibility about their future abilities. Recruitment and selection also has an important role to play in increasing worker performance and positive organizationa l outcomes. It is often claimed that selection of workers occur not just to replaceRead MoreNature and Significance of Recruitment, Selection and Employee Turnover Functions in an Organisation2163 Words   |  9 PagesNature and significance of recruitment, selection and employee turnover functions in an organisation â€Å"You have joined a service organisation of approximately 5000 employees operating in Australia as the HR Executive, the general manager has asked you to overhaul the current recruitment, selection and employee turnover functions of this organisation because of evidence of poor matching of new employees to their work roles and rising levels of staff turnover. Whilst you have some clear ideas aboutRead MoreHow Do Industrial Relations And Employee Contracts Impact Recruitment And Selection Procedures?1558 Words   |  7 Pagesskills necessary to tackle the job at hand. For example, Apple outsources thousands of manufacturing jobs to countries like China, Korea in order to save time and money. B. How do industrial relations and employee contracts impact recruitment and selection procedures? Industrial relations and employee contracts play a big role in recruiting and selecting the right staff. Making sure the workplace terms and conditions are equally fair and having these conditions set out in an agreement, contract or awardRead MoreIdentify and Discuss the Key Influences of the Strategic Hrm Diagnostic Model That Have Significance for Employee Recruitment and Selection1932 Words   |  8 Pagesparticular. The two of which are employee recruitment and employee selection. An organisation has extremely little, to no, control over its external environment, the aspects of which are too numerous to list. The external environment influences HRM practices, thus influencing HR activities, both directly and indirectly. In other words, an aspect of the organisation’s external environment may directly affect the processes of employee recruitment and selection through influencing HRM practicesRead More: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. UOP: MGT 4311823 Words   |  8 PagesManagement (HRM) function. Included in this paper are key topics discussed in this module: the basic functions of Human Resource Management: planning and forecasting human resource requirements, recruitment and selection, appraisal, evaluation and employee motivation. Additionally, this paper addresses employee quality of life and productivi ty programs and improving the physical work environment. The relationships between successful business and Human Resource Management are examined as well as how Human

Getting Huge, Getting Ripped Qualitative Exploration Of...

The original purpose of the human body was to be capable of surviving; however, today the purpose is to be accepted by the views of society. In order to â€Å"make it† in this world you either have to be a strong man with a six pack or a size two woman with great hair. The need to be perfect has been etched into our brains since childhood. This perfection is found in magazines where women promise that eating healthy will give you this body rather than photoshop or plastic surgery, and men are promised a ripped body with the use of powdered protein and vitamins rather than illegal steroids. In the article â€Å"Believing is Seeing† by Judith Lorber, the idea that resonates is that men and women are more than just two categories. Petrocelli mentions in his article â€Å"Getting Huge, Getting Ripped: A Qualitative Exploration of Recreational Steroid Use† that men have many motivations to use steroids, some of which date back to childhood fantasies. Lorber brings up the idea that the perfect human is created by the views of society and Petrocelli shows that this is true by explaining how men will resort to any means to shape that body. In today’s world the ideal body is not formed from its physiological efficiency but rather from the way society wants it to be. This is where a woman that is 5’6† and 200 pounds of muscle is seen as fat while the 5’9† 100 pound model is in perfect condition. In â€Å"Believing is Seeing† Lorber illuminates that: â€Å"Bodies differ in many ways physiologically,Show MoreRelated Professional Athletes who Cheat in Sports Essay2772 Words   |  12 Pagesenhancing drugs such as steroids (Tynes, 2006). Yet, professional athletes choose to cheat by taking illegal substances, which results in the death of some players and a wide variety of health problems. The Federal Government realized that the use of anabolic steroids is a form of cheating and defrauds the players and fans of â€Å"real† competition. As a result, for the concern of the athletes’ health and concern for the ethical standards of the game played, the Anabolic Steroid Ac t of 1990 (ASCA) was

Risk Assessment Health and Environmental Risks

Question: Describe about the Risk Assessment for Health and Environmental Risks. Answer: Introduction: The risk identification in an organization is important to be considered, as it helps the organization in eliminating the risks and challenges that most of the projects usually have. It is highly important to understand and adopt the effective means of defending and protecting vital information of the organization. Hence, the aim of the report is to mitigate and resolve and overcome the issues and risks associated with the organization (Covello Merkhoher, 2013). Discussion: It should be remembered that the method of risk assessment is not about creating an enormous amount of paperwork, but it is rather about the identification of the sensible measures necessary for controlling the risks in the workplace. It should be remembered that the organization is required to introduce a systematic and organized approach to the issue of risk assessment in the organization (Faerbar et al., 2015). First, the organization is required to identify the possible risks that can potentially harm the organization. Hence, the first step that has to be taken is to check or cross check the data sheets of the manufacturer, and to gain a comprehensive knowledge about the general risks and threats that challenge the Information Technology system. The common threats that one usually comes across constitute, the failure of the hardware and the software, malware that can potentially disrupt the operation of the computer, virus, spam and scams, or even human error. Again, it is also i mportant to have a check on issues, such as criminal IT threats, that can also damage the important data of the organization (Haimes, 2015). Once the source of the threat is being identified, it is important to analyze how the organization is going to be affected by the respective threat. Followed by this, the risks are supposed to be evaluated and the resultant findings should be properly recorded for future reference. However, the organization chooses to adopt the IT-Grundschutz system. This is one of the most effective strategies adopted by the organization. As per this risk assessment method, the risk of the organization will be analyzed by identifying the risks, followed by categorizing the risks into the following threat catalogues such as the BSI Standard 100-1, BSI Standard 100-2, and others. Further, apart from identifying and classifying the risks involved, the organization will also require categorizing the protection requirements needed to mitigate and resolve the IT issues (Ergu et al., 2014). By defining and classifying the protection requirements, the organization will be able to trace the factors that are leading to such risks, and can accordingly take the necessary steps to resolve the issues. This will assist the organization to understand if the IT risk is caused by negative internal or external effects, violation of laws and norms, or is it because of any kind of impairment of duties (Theoharidou et al., 2013). Once the reason behind the risk is comprehended by the organization, it will focus on the safeguard methods that are required to be adopted in order to combat the issue. The safeguard measures the organization may reach at, may be various, such as change in infrastructure, or contingency planning. Finally, the organization will also regularly review and update the risk assessment procedures, so that it can take note of the significant changes, improvements or problems that have emerged as a result of the introduction of the new procedure (Vinnem, 2014). Conclusion: It is important to note here that there would be residual threats that cannot be prevented by ordinary safeguard measures. Hence, it would be important for the organization to ensure that it also introduces additional security measures as well that will help in reducing the risks to an acceptable level. However, it is important to note that the organization must make sure that it does not merely assess the risks, but necessarily reviews the risks. Reference List: Covello, V. T., Merkhoher, M. W. (2013).Risk assessment methods: approaches for assessing health and environmental risks. Springer Science Business Media. Ergu, D., Kou, G., Shi, Y., Shi, Y. (2014). Analytic network process in risk assessment and decision analysis.Computers Operations Research,42, 58-74. Faerber, A. E., Horvath, R., Stillman, C., OConnell, M. L., Hamilton, A. L., Newhall, K. A., ... Goodney, P. P. (2015). Development and pilot feasibility study of a health information technology tool to calculate mortality risk for patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis: the Carotid Risk Assessment Tool (CARAT).BMC medical informatics and decision making,15(1), 1. Haimes, Y. Y. (2015).Risk modeling, assessment, and management. John Wiley Sons. Theoharidou, M., Tsalis, N., Gritzalis, D. (2013, June). In cloud we trust: Risk-Assessment-as-a-Service. InIFIP International Conference on Trust Management(pp. 100-110). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Vinnem, J. E. (2014).Offshore Risk Assessment vol 2. London: Springer.

US Landforms Essays - Intermountain West, Rain, Desert, Colorado

US Landforms The Coastal Plains are covered with swamps and estuaries. Piedmont is covered with hard rocks, which meets softer coastal plains. The Appalachian Highlands offers gaps and thin, stony soil for farmers. h Bodies of Water: The East and Southern United States' bodies of water are none other then the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. h Climate: The climate of this area offers hotter and longer summers and the winters are colder and harsher. Precipitation is fairly even. Heavier precipitation is found in the warmer months. h Plants: The plants found in this part of the United States are mostly needle-leaf and hardwood. Here are the examples of needle-leaf plants listed in our book: cedar, spruce, and leaf shedding. Here are the examples of hardwood: elm, oak, maple, ash, hickory, pine, and cypress. These are very popular in the Eastern and Southern part. h Animals: Black bears, deers, moose, foxes, wildcats, and muskrats are mostly found in this area. a The Central Heartland: h Landforms: The Central Plains include vast grasslands that rise gradually toward the forested foothill, Ozart Mountains, semi-deserts, and bleaker and emptier prairies. The Great Plains rise gradually to meet the Rocky Mountains, which are interrupted by steep hills and gullies known as the Badland. h Bodies of Water: There are only two bodies of water in the Central Heartland and they are the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes. h Climate: In the summer it can reach about 100 degrees Fahrenheit and drop to -40 degrees Fahrenheit. The ocean has a moderating influence on weather patterns. This section of the U.S. is known for its extreme climates. The annual rainfall is moderate but less plentiful then the Atlantic seaboard. The Mississippi River has a steady rainfall. The Great Plain has a limiting amount of rainfall that some regions are semi-desert. h Plants: This section's plants are forested, grassland, and partly desert. The grass grows about 1-2 feet. h Animals: The animals in this area are buffaloes, pronghorns (American antelope), prairie dog, ground squirrel, jack rabbit, coyotes, mountain lions, and wolves. a American West: h Landforms: The Rocky Mountains are one of the many landforms in this area. The Rockies contains 52 peaks and has a Continental Divider (a ridge). This ridge separates the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico, the Arkansas, the Platte, the Rio Grande, and the Pacific and Colorado River. The intermountain Region offers high plateaus, basins, deep canyons, and wide deserts. The most important part of this region is the Great Basin and the Colorado Plateau. Everything in this area is low relief and low elevation landscape, except for the Great Basin. Its elevation is over 4,000 ft. and has an enormous appearance of a bowl. The Pacific Coast has few natural harbors and mountains that run parallel to the coast of Central California. Further inland are higher peaks like the Sierra Nevada. Central Valley is a valley that runs half the size of the state. h Bodies of Water: The body of water in America West is only the Pacific Ocean. There are also important rivers, which are Columbia, Sacramento, San Joaquin, and Colorado (important water resource). h Climate: The climate in the Rockies is cool, short summers and cold winters. There is heavy precipitation in this area. The Intermountain Region lacks precipitation; the temperature ranges from summer to winter are extreme. Most of California has a medditeranean climate with mild and wet winters and dry and sunny summers. h Plants: The Rockies has many plants including junipers, pines, aspen, fir, and spruce flourish. The desert areas have patches of steppe grass, scrub, sagebrush, mesquite trees, species of cactuses, and colorful flowers. The Pacific has palm trees, grapes, olives, and redwood. h Animals: The Rockies has grizzly bears, wild goat, and longhorn sheep. The desert has roadrunners, peccaries (wild pig), kangaroo rats, Gila monsters, birds, and lizards. The Pacific offers black-tailed deer, Roosevelt elk, salmon, abolones, otters, and sea lions.

Bruno Modern Masculinities Essays - Masculinity, Anthropology, Men

Bruno Modern Masculinities Essays - Masculinity, Anthropology, Men Bruno Modern Masculinities Eng 011 13 May 2013 Bruno Modern Masculinities In the article Modern Masculinities, the author Cooper Thompson explains that men in society are expected to be physically strong, tough, and independent, and have self-control over their emotions. He also believes that boys must learn to accept their vulnerability of asking for help and support in appropriate situations. Modern Masculinities relates to the movie The Dress Code because it deals with masculinity in relation to self-control. In the movie Bruno has different ways of showing his masculinity. The Dress Code challenges the stereotypes of masculinity in American culture by showing young viewers that they should not be defined by masculinity but instead define it. One way Bruno shows his masculinity is through bravery and working through fear. For example, in one scene, Bruno wears a dress in a Catholic school, while in a spelling bee contest. The nun whoops Bruno because he wears a dress. The kids bully Bruno in the school, beat him, and call him a faggot. With all of the chaos thats going around him of being bully and beaten, he still comes to school every day wearing a dress and repeating the same cycle. Bruno is not afraid of anybody; he is brave by running away from his bullies and facing up towards them even thou he gets his butt whooped. This shows viewers that no matter how people bully them and call them names, they can be strong to ignore it and live on with their lives. Another way Bruno shows his masculinity is that he is tough. He continues wearing the dress and make-up to the spelling bee contest knowing that the nuns are going to whoop him. When Bruno knows that the nuns are going to whoop him for wearing the dress, Bruno stands up for himself by saying the pope and ancient Greeks wear a dress, so why cant he wear one. Bruno accepts his vulnerability because he knows that people are going to make fun of him and beat him up. Even though Bruno is in a weak position, he is still tough when people are against him. He defends his right of wear a dress. In the same way, Cooper Thompson challenges traditional masculinity stereotypes because he believes that boys must learn to accept their vulnerability when it comes to a situation. The other way of Bruno finds his masculinity is that he is true to himself. He doesnt care what people say or do to him. He is still going to do what he wants to do and thats to wear dresses. For example, at the end of the movie, he wears a white dress at the national spelling bee finals, ends up winning the spelling bee, and gets to meet the pope because of what he wears at the spell bee final. The message the movie sends to young men is that no matter how they look or dress, theres always a good side to being who they are and not everybody else.

7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas

7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas 7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas 7 Flawed Sentences Redeemed by Commas By Mark Nichol The simple insertion, deletion, or relocation of a comma (or two) can alter a sentences meaning, so when writing or editing a sentence, carefully analyze it to determine whether the punctuation (or lack thereof) serves its intended meaning or whether it creates grammatical confusion. The following examples illustrate the significant difference punctuation can make; discussion after each sentence explains the problem and provides a solution. 1. Relaxed capital and leverage requirements are favorable to depository institutions as they allow institutions to put more of their capital to work and may even provide consumers with more access to credit. Punctuation helps readers recognize the meaning of a word that, in identical syntactical arrangements, can have distinct meanings. In this sentence, as appears to function as a synonym for while in the sense of referencing a simultaneous occurrence. However, the clause that follows as is an explanation- here, as is a synonym for because- and is therefore a dependent clause, which means that it must be preceded by punctuation: â€Å"Relaxed capital and leverage requirements are favorable to depository institutions, as they allow institutions to put more of their capital to work and may even provide consumers with more access to credit.† 2. It is a never-ending campaign to stay in step with adversaries, and wherever possible, anticipate their next move. In this sentence, the intended function of the commas is to set off a parenthetical phrase, but the placement of the first comma erroneously suggests that its purpose is to separate two independent clauses. The parenthetical phrase is â€Å"wherever possible,† not â€Å"and wherever possible†- test this fact by temporarily omitting each alternative from the sentence and seeing which statement is still grammatically valid- so the first comma must follow, not precede, and: â€Å"It is a never-ending campaign to stay in step with adversaries and, wherever possible, anticipate their next move.† (Because the phrase that follows and is not an independent clause- there is no subject- no additional comma is required before the conjunction.) 3. I consider movies, such as Get Out, examples of artwork that provoke discussion about our society. The commas bracketing â€Å"such as Get Out† imply that that phrase is expendable- that the sentence is valid without it. But the writer is referring to a category of movies that the film Get Out exemplifies in some quality, so that phrase is essential to the sentence and therefore cannot be treated as a parenthetical phrase: â€Å"I consider movies such as Get Out examples of artwork that provokes discussion about our society.† (If movies were qualified with an adjective, as in the phrase â€Å"movie that allegorically pertain to racism,† then â€Å"such as Get Out† would be valid as a parenthetical phrase because it suggests an example of a specified category of film, rather than just one film in the all-encompassing category of â€Å"movies.†) 4. Getting the right information, to the right people, at the right time, is intrinsically valuable to any organization. The segmentation of the first three phrases in this sentence is unnecessary and obtrusive. The writer of this sentence assumes that punctuation is required to distinguish the three factors referenced sequentially in this sentence, but the prepositions to and at serve this function: â€Å"Getting the right information to the right people at the right time is intrinsically valuable to any organization.† 5. Directors can’t get the information they need to make critical decisions because the company’s ability to effectively measure and report on key risks is limited. If this sentence continued after limited, with an alternative explanation for why directors can’t get the information they need (following a semicolon), then the phrase â€Å"because . . . is limited† would be essential to the sentence. But in the sentence as written, â€Å"because . . . is limited† is a subordinate (and therefore nonessential) clause, and it should be set off from the main clause (â€Å"directors . . . critical decisions†): â€Å"Directors can’t get the information they need to make critical decisions, because the company’s ability to effectively measure and report on key risks is limited.† 6. It’s kind of scary actually. When an adverb appearing at the end of a sentence is intrinsic to the sentence, do not include intervening punctuation, as in â€Å"We visit them annually.† (Without annually, the sentence â€Å"We visit them† would not convey the intended information- the frequency with which they visit- so annually is essential to the statement.) But in this case, actually merely serves as an informal form of emphasis- it merely strengthens the admission but does not add meaning- so it is set off from the main clause: â€Å"It’s kind of scary, actually.† (Also, actually should be set off if it precedes the main clause- â€Å"Actually, it’s kind of scary†- but no punctuation is necessary if the adverb is inserted within the clause: â€Å"It’s actually kind of scary.†) 7. What’s different is they came of age at a difficult time. The subject of this sentence is they, and what comes before is a dependent introductory clause, which must be set off from the main clause by a comma: â€Å"What’s different is, they came of age at a difficult time.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Possessive of Proper Names Ending in SThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"10 Terms for the Common People

Evaluate the main energy options currently available in the UK Essay

Evaluate the main energy options currently available in the UK - Essay Example In order to effectively source energy from the available means, machineries or end-use equipments such as turbines, motors and hydro-machineries among others are used at huge quantities. Contextually, in a majority of instances, a substantial quantity of primary energy is reported to be wasted due to inefficient design of machineries or equipments utilised to generate energy. From a general perspective, energy sources can be categorised in two broad sections, i.e., the primary or non-renewable sources of energy (such as natural gas, oil, coal and conventional nuclear power) and renewable sources of energy (such as wood, plants, geothermal sources, tidal wind and wave energy) (Crown, 2009). Notably, the United Kingdom is considered as one of the leading nations constituted with a large variety of renewable energy sources. The UK is also considered as a major production house of offshore wind energy where more than 700 wind turbines have been already launched (Committee on Climate Chan ge, 2011). Based on this context, the paper will aim at identifying and discussing the various energy options currently available in the UK. The Main Energy Options in the UK Wind Energy In the year 2011, the UK installed wind power of about 5.7 gigawatts. The nation is considered as one of the leading producers of wind power all over the world. In the UK, wind power sources are continuously developing in terms of its production capacity, which is further expected to increase by more than 2 gigawatts in the next five years. To be specific, wind power is considered as the second largest source of energy within the UK. In the year 2010, the UK wind industry was reported to have already installed several types of on-shore as well as off-shore wind energy production turbines. For instance, medium-sized UK wind-energy production companies such as Gunfleet Sands Offshore Wind Farm, Robin Rigg Wind Farm and Thanet Off-shore Wind Farms among others have been deemed eligible for government g rants. It has further enhanced their financial capabilities to install advanced technologies in order to generate more than 1.1 gigawatts of electricity per day. It is worth mentioning in this context that the wind-energy producing farms in the UK distribute electric power primarily to the manufacturing industries. In the next five years, the government of the UK is expecting to obtain 960 gigawatts of electricity on a yearly basis from this energy source (DONG Energy Power, n.d.; E.ON UK plc, 2012; GL Group, 2010). Energy Obtainable Through Tidal-Waves Apart from the wind-energy sources, the UK also has the capability to produce electricity from ocean waves by utilising the tidal power. In February 2007, the UK had established its first wave farm which was categorised as one of the world’s leading producers of electric energy from tidal currents of the ocean. In the UK, on a yearly basis, it has been observed that this particular energy source can generate more than 3 megawa tts of electricity through its four different types of Pelamis machines. In the UK, ocean currents are used to produce energy principally in two regions i.e. England as

Social Media Team in Customer Relation Management & Balanced Scorecard Essay

Social Media Team in Customer Relation Management & Balanced Scorecard - Essay Example Given that, the main points throughout the discussion touch upon different companies. It will give a general look at the strategic media performance of contemporary organizations in the world. First and foremost, company’s goals are more vital than contemporary state of affairs. In this respect the need for a balanced scorecard has grown once high technologies bubbled over in the most of world countries in the early 1990s. Translating the vision of an organization leads toward seeking the means for finding out the most optimal solutions through linking â€Å"current actions with tomorrow’s goals† (Kaplan & Norton, 2007, p. 150). This is why the need for strategic implementations is mostly based on how an organization communicates its strategy with customers and how it complements the very requirements and expectations thereof. It is vital to note that devising the overall strategy regarding the social media team is, perhaps, the most important thing to do nowadays. Taking a glimpse at what current mass media propose to customers, there is plenty to talk about the social awareness of such companies as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, McDonald’s, BP, Apple, etc. All these giants seem to expand the most of the market in their concrete fields of activities. Notably, the main weapon for them is not only television, but Web 2.0 technologies including social networking, e-mailing, micro-blogging, and so on. According to the scorecard perspective, there are four main processes to draw up the entire vision of the company, namely: translating the vision, communicating and linking, business planning, and feedback and learning (Kaplan & Norton, 2007). The second one is at the core of current discussion as it is straightly referred to CRM. Thus, internal data of the company should partly be disseminated among the key groups of customers. Wollan, Smith, & Zhou (2011) point out that being serious about social media is a prerequisite for

Performance Management Essay Example for Free

Performance Management Essay 1.Executive summary In order to have a sustainable competitive advantage, organisations realized that to do well economically, it is important to have the appropriate human capital within the company. That is how the term talent management was brought up. Human resource management is one of the pillars leading to organizational success and TM has become an important issue that HR professionals are dealing with. As companies go global, the need to focus on TM is increasing. This report is a critique of the journal article ‘Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda’ written by David G. Collings and Kamel Mellahi (2009). The report includes a broad view of how IHRM can address TM issues stated in the article. In the report, the strengths and weaknesses of the article have been stated and some recommendations concerning TM have been formulated and all the main points were highlighted in the conclusion. 2.Introduction This report is a critique of the journal article, ‘Strategic talent management: A review and research agenda’ written by David G.Collings and Kamel Mellahi (2009) for Elsevier publishing company. The report aims at critically analysing the mentioned article to find Talent Management issues relevant to International Human Resource management. Firstly the credibility of the authors and the validity of the article will be briefly analysed. The main key term this report deals with, that is Talent management (TM) will be explained as well as International human resource management (IHRM), ensuring clear understanding of the discussion which will follow. Further to the definition of the key terms, the theoretical model of strategic talent management proposed by the authors will be analysed and compared to the talent management wheel proposed by MIT Sloan Management Review (2012). The main body of the report will focus on the TM issues reported in the article and their relevance to IHRM, in this regard, other studies’ assumptions will be taken into account and thus allow us to critically analyse the article. Limitations and merits of the journal article will also be stated and followed by some recommendations as to how the discussed TM issues could be dealt with where international human resource management is concerned. Eventually, a conclusion will be included to highlight the main points which this report will cover. 3.Credibility of research Elsevier is one of the world’s leading providers of science information by providing authors and researchers as well as readers with innovative tools and world-class information helping in making critical decisions and to increase productivity. Elsevier has been delivering its services worldwide over the past 130 years and hence, is a credible source of information. Kamel Mellahi is the actual Co-Editor-in Chief of the International Journal of Management reviews. He has been carrying out many researches in the management field amongst which are in international business strategy and non-market strategy. He has also published more than seventy scholarly articles. His research were very much sought by several journals and publishers. David G.Collings is a Human Resource Management Professor at DCU and King’s College London. He is the joint editor of a couple of HRM journals. He has been doing research in the field of talent management and global mobility issues and has been able to influence numerous debates on global mobility. He has been ranked 6th on the list of the most productive scholar of Ireland. Both authors can be said to be well qualified to publish an article on talent management as they both have carried out numerous researches in HRM field, thus, this article can be said to be credible. 4.Definition of IHRM and Talent management With the advent of globalization, organisations have ceased to exist on local level only, businesses have gone global and this, for the betterment of its purpose. As well as it can have many advantages, the biggest challenge however remains the competition which has gain in vigour as organisations strive to stay sustainably competitive. IHRM can be said to be the procurement, allocation, utilization and the motivating pulse of international businesses’ human resources. The definition of TM, even though being the basis of the article, is however the very first matter of contention and one of the aims of the article. It was noted that no clear definition of TM has so far been made. Collings and Mellahi (2009), Boussebaa and Morgan (2008) and Piansoongnern and Anurit (2010, 290) have come up with a moreover similar definition of TM. According to them TM can be defined by processes and activities involving the identification of fundamental positions which help an organization to stay competitive, developing a talent pool of high performers to fill in those positions and adjusting HR practices to ensure commitment of such employees to the firm. For MNCs TM is more related to talented managers who get international assignments.

Simon as Christ in Lord of the Flies Essay -- Lord Flies Essays

Simon as Christ in Lord of the Flies  Ã‚      The role of the prophet changes with the society in which he lives. In modern society, a prophet is a visionary, telling people what they can become; in Biblical times, a prophet was the voice of God, telling his people what they had to become to fulfill their covenant with God.   In William Golding's Lord of the Flies, the prophet is a peaceful lad, Simon.   He alone saw that the jungle, which represented freedom and the lack of civilization, was not to be feared but to be understood; he alone knew that the mythical Beast of the island, feared by all the boys, was, in fact, their own inherent savagery. Through these truths Simon represents a Christ figure paralleling Christ's misunderstood message and Christ's death.    Simon was the observant character, the quiet philosopher. He was often alone, sometimes by his own choice, and he liked to wander into the peaceful jungle. He sincerely cared about the other boys, sometimes helping the young ones to fetch fruit, yet "Simon turned away from them and went where the just perceptible path led him. Soon high jungle closed in" (56). He loved solitude and yet felt loneliness; he was alien to the other boys. The boys did not think anyone would be stupid enough to go into the jungle by night: "The assembly grinned at the thought of going out into the darkness. Then Simon stood up and Ralph looked at him in astonishment" (85). Many of the boys even thought he was "batty" because he left the group to spend time alone.      He did not fear the jungle, and he did not fear the Beast. "Maybe,' he said hesitantly, 'maybe there is a beast . . . maybe it's only us" (89). The Beast takes many forms in the boys' imaginations; once, t... ... The basic premise of Lord of the Flies is that humans naturally live in savagery and ignorance, without any idea of how to live together. The most terrifying death in the novel is that of Simon, who symbolizes the eyes of a blind and stumbling group of children digressing into savagery.   As Christ lived, so lived Simon, as Christ died, so died Simon.   Each died because human nature hates prophets, because humans naturally live in savagery and ignorance. Comments You state that Simon knew the jungle represented freedom and the lack of civilization.   However, in your paper you only prove that the other boys were afraid of the jungle while Simon was not.   You need to tell us how Simon knew what the jungle represented, why he was not afraid.   What makes him seek out the jungle for solitude?   Why does Simon understand when the other boys do not?

Perspectives of psychology Essay

Analyzes the relationship between natural selection and behavior and mental processes B. Focuses on personal growth, reaching our highest potential, and self-actualization C. Examines how physiology and biology interact with the environment to impact and determine our behavior and mental processes D. Holds that our unconscious processes determine our behaviors and how they are expressed in our personality E. Emphasizes the way that our behavior and mental processes are impacted by social and cultural components in our environment F. Believes that the field of psychology should focus on objective behaviors that are observable and measurable G. Stresses the importance of internal processes of thought that impact the way that we think, know, remember, reason, make decisions, and communicate 1.cognitive functioning. ___________________ 2.A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. ________________ The portion of the brain involved in intricate The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. ________________ 3. 4.A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5.An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. ________________ 6.A part of the brain located in the back of the cerebral cortex that 7.The part of the brain that is highly involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary hormone production and is also responsible for the â€Å"fight-or is responsible for processing visual information. ________________-flight† response. ________________ 8.The part of the brain that is located at the base of the skull and is responsible for the development and coordination of movement. ________________ 9.The part of the brain that is divided into left and right hemispheres, as well as four lobes. ________________

Did the Industrial Revolution improve life for people? Essay

The Industrial Revolution was a time of drastic change, for both the better and worse. Changes like factories, steam power, and more people flocking to the city generally improved life. However, these changes also meant that working conditions declined, and massive increases in pollution and disease. The above suggest that the Revolution had pros and cons. Population growth changed Britain’s life style immensely. The Industrial Revolution witnessed a huge growth in the size of British cities. In 1695, the population of Britain was estimated to be 5.5 million. By 1801, it was 9.3 million and by 1841, 15.9 million. This represents a 60% growth rate in just 40 years. On average, 20 people shared a small house of four rooms. One toilet was shared by 120 people. This meant that there was not enough clean water or sewage for everyone, and disease spread easily. On the other hand, more people in Britain meant that more food, clothing, and everyday items were needed. The people also p rovided the workforce for the new industries. The new factories were often terrible places for people working in them. Punishments were harsh: for example, if a worker talked, left the working room without consent of the overseer was late to work, or broke any equipment, they would be fined. The factories were often also extremely dangerous- especially for girls, with their long dresses, aprons and hair. Workers would sometimes get caught in the machinery, resulting in horrible injuries or even death. While jobs were created, there were few if any rules about how much people could be paid, what training they would receive and whether they could be fired for any reason. The jobs were dangerous and if you died, no one really cared. There was no unemployment or sick pay: with no job, you got no wages, and could starve. However, wages in the factories were higher than on farms and jobs were plentiful. On the other hand, factories also improved peoples’ daily lives – by expanding the number and quality of the kinds of products factories could turn out, ordinary British lived better and had m ore time on their hands as conveniences and efficiencies defined the Industrial Revolution. Factories in the major cities created hundreds of thousands of jobs, expanded the cities and attracted immigrants by the millions. – The Industrial Revolution turned out many notable inventions like the battery, the telephone, and the calculator. The huge growth of business and factories meant that our transportation network expanded out of  necessity and brought us canals and highways. The success of the Industrial Revolution depended on the ability to transport raw materials and finished goods over long distances. The growth in transportation meant that we now have cars, bicycles, traffic lights and trains. To conclude, the Industrial Revolution changed Britain for both good and bad. However, there is more evidence above to show that the Industrial Revolution did not improve life for the people of Manchester during the time. Regardless, there is no denying that the Revolution brought on more technology, wealth and power to modern society, and that it had a huge impact on t he world and shaped the world to what it is today.

Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay Essays

Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay Essays Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay Essay Explore the Theme of Monstrosity in Frankenstein Essay Essay Montrosity is a key in Frankenstein. and it affects both the Creature and Victor. whilst at the same clip. Shelley argues that society is monstrous through unfairnesss of the clip and the societal conventions. Frankenstein could be said to be the monster himself- when he says â€Å"miserable monster† whom â€Å"I had created† . we see Shelley implicitly suggest. through the alliterative phrase. that merely as â€Å"Adam was created in God’s image† so excessively was the Creature born in the image of Victor. Furthermore. the thought that Frankenstein is himself the monster is reinforced by â€Å"or instead cell† . â€Å"Cell† refers to a prison cell. and is used symbolically to stand for the thought that merely like a cell is for felons. who perform Acts of the Apostless of monstrousity. so to is Frankenstein the â€Å"criminal† perpetrating an act of â€Å"monstrosity† . On the other manus. we could reaso n that it was non so much the act of creative activity that was monstrous. but instead Frankenstein’s reaction. By composing â€Å"I ran out of the room† we see Victor execute the ultimate rejection. and hence. eschewing the responsibilty that exists in the double star between â€Å"Parent† and â€Å"Child†- as John McRae argued. It is interesting to observe that Frankenstein rejects the monster because of an unconditioned selfishness- â€Å"the beauty of the dream vanished† implies that Frankenstein’s physical construct does non equal that of his mental construct. and that because Frankenstein’s program are in confusion. his rational scientific methods- â€Å"I selected†¦in proportion† show this- are replaced by emotional responses ; which for him. is territory unknown- in the same manner Walton seeks to â€Å"ascertain the secrets† or how the Animal wants to understand human behavior at the De Lacy’s. Therefore. we see a connexion between Victor and the Creature- whom he describes as â€Å"miserbale monster† . Furthermore. the fact that Frankenstein can merely react to the Creature’s birth in empirical. scientific observations- â€Å"pearly white dentitions. dull eyes†- constrasts with Elizabeth’s response to William’s death- â€Å"O I have murdered my child† . By portraying Elizabeth in a positive light- she forms an emotional response. which juxtaposes with the unfertile feelings of Frankenstein at the construct of the Creatue. Shelley implies that adult females present a greater grade of humanity- and therefore criticises the male dominated society on education- whilst they may read â€Å"Shakespeare† and â€Å"Agrippa† . adult females will be worldly-wise. ( no uncertainty influence by her feminist female parent ) and that they are necessary to forestall freaks. This thought of the female function is reinforced by the fact that as the novel progresses. the adult females are easy being removed- first his Mother. so Justine and so Elizabeth- â€Å"I saw Elizabeth†¦held the cadaver of my dead mother† . This presents Frankenstein’s mental degregation and finally. the ctalyst for the mosntrous act- so Shelley presents the thought of a duality between adult male and women- Darwin supported this by proposing the hierachy of reproducion- adult male and adult female is better than adult male entirely. However. it could besides be argued that Frankenstein’s scenes augment his monstrousity- we see a sense of isolation- â€Å"solitude† is repeated. connoting that by enforcing self-exile. Frankenstein detaches himself from society and its regulations and that he has become an â€Å"outsider† ( McCrae ) much as the monstrousity that Victor calls the Creature. is besides an foreigner. Indeed the connexion between the two is best examined by the Shelley usage of the mountain-top- â€Å"Chamonuix. where I saw him†- which alludes to the thought of the Creator and Creation meeting ( Hayward ) . both as equal. with both. arguably as montrous. Victor for abondoning the Creature. and the Creature ( for Victor ) a representation fo his failure. By utilizing â€Å"Solitude and â€Å" Filthy Workshop of Creation† . Shelley implies that this isolation leads to ideas of monstrousity- Godwin influecned her argiung it â€Å"was a nusery of madmen† . This separation from society is symbolic excessively. If Geneva is â€Å"Eden† . so by widening against the bounds of knowledge-â€Å"if no adult male broke the rules† suggests no remorse- he cut himself off. much like Lucifer in Paradise Lost- and therefore. Shelley implies that this interior monster within Frankenstein and all of us. can merely be restrained by a balance- whether. male or female . or equal Torahs. The thought that the monstrousity is within Frankenstein ( and hence us ) is suggested by â€Å"wildness in his eyes†- he claims the Animal to be â€Å"wild† . but if the eyes are â€Å"windows to the sould† . Shelley suggests and unconditioned montrosity in him ( and us ) ; an â€Å"id† that is the animal desires. This contrasts the thought of the Monster’s â€Å"dull eyes†- which challenges the thought that the Creature is the monstrosity- this challenge is the ground why Shelley uses the Chinese Box Narrative- the assorted â€Å"narritve eyes† makes us explicate our ain opinion. In fact. the Moster. may be the most human of us all- he â€Å"imitates the physiognamy and manners† in the same manner that Justine did. yet both are treated below the belt. This thought of an unjust intervention alludes to Shelley’s belief that monstorusity exists in society- so whilst we can state it was Victor’s nature to be monstorus ( and that society placed bounds to forestall this ) . the nurturing of him within society is what leads to the freak arguably. In the instance of the Justine. the sarcasm is that she is treated â€Å"un-JUSTlY† reverse to her name- which possibly could be Shelley’s sly mention to her desire for female eqaulity ( influenced by Wollstencraft –the womens rightist motehr ) – a name is afforded to all. and Justine’s name contain’s justice- therefore. when she â€Å"is found guilty†- there is a trangression of nature. in the same manner that Frankenstein transgresses nature by making life. This presents the thought that society is excessively speedy to judge- merely as Frankenstein believes â€Å"seemingly to catch me† . Justine is rapidly found guilty- regardless of Elizabeth’s plea- no admiration Shelley nowadays s the jurisprudence in such a negative light- â€Å"judge†¦meddle in the dark side of human nature† . because it is flawed and makes roseola determinations. Therefore. we see Shelley see society as the monster. To reason. freak is pervades throughout the novel. impacting all characters and being influenced by puting and society. Yet. in the same manner that the Creature was Frankenstein’s creative activity. the novel coould be seen as her monster-shunned by contempories but exposing the reatiy of freak within us all.

The 54 Best Engineering Scholarships

The 54 Best Engineering Scholarships SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you have the brains and passion to become an engineer, but are worried about the cost of the education? The following list of scholarships will show you that you have nothing to fear. Students of all backgrounds will find that there is an engineering scholarship out there for students like them that will help to make that seemingly unaffordable education slightly more palatable. Read on to see what engineering scholarships you may be eligible for! There are hundreds of engineering scholarships out there. Many are aimed at certain students- those interested in a particular school, of a certain ethnic background, or a specific gender. As you can see, students from all walks of life are interested in pursuing degrees and careers in engineering. Not only can a degree in engineering lead you into a high-paying job after graduation, but these degrees help place you and the country at the forefront of technological innovations. Because of this, there are many engineering scholarships available, sponsored both by private organizations and the national government. The scholarships on this list are aimed at graduating high school seniors and college undergraduates. They are also aimed at US citizens or permanent residents, and are open to almost all students studying engineering in accredited programs, with the main restrictions being location and grade level. There are many other engineering scholarships available that are specifically targeted at underrepresented groups in this field, such as women, minorities, and international students- but they won’t be found on this list. We will create separate lists later for those specific categories. In this article, I will cover many of the prominent engineering scholarships, as well as others that you may not have heard of before. You'll find them in the following categories: General Engineering Scholarships Mechanical Engineering Scholarships Civil Engineering Scholarships Aerospace Engineering Scholarships Nuclear Engineering Scholarships Keep in mind that this list is not comprehensive. There are hundreds of engineering and STEM scholarships out there. If you still don’t see one on this list that seems right for you, don’t despair. Try searching for what you're looking for- there is a good chance that it’s out there! Engineering Scholarships for High School Students High school is a great time to start working on getting financially prepared for college. While many of the scholarships listed below are only for students who have already started their degrees, a number of them are open to high school seniors who know they want to focus on engineering. The scholarships that are marked with an asterisk (*) are open for applications by high school students. General Engineering Scholarships These scholarships usually stipulate that you need to be in an engineering or related degree (like information technology), but do not specify what field of engineering you need to be in to be eligible. Astronaut Scholarship Foundation Students must be nominated by faculty for this $10,000 award. Students must be majoring in engineering, natural or applied sciences, or math, and intend to do research or get an advanced degree after graduation. Students should be at least undergraduate sophomores who have done lab work and research, and have excellent grades. They should also show initiative, creativity, and excellent in their field of choice. You do NOT need to be planning on becoming an astronaut. Students must be attending one of the following schools: Brown University, Clemson University, Florida Institute of Technology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Harvey Mudd College, Louisiana State University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Miami University of Ohio, North Carolina State University, North Dakota State University, Ohio State University, Pennsylvania State University, Purdue University, Syracuse University, Texas AM University, Tufts University, University of Arizona, University of Central Florida, University of Chicago, University of Colorado, University of Kansas, University of Kentucky, University of Michigan, University of Minnesota, University of Oklahoma, University of Rochester, University of Southern California, University of Texas at Austin, University of Virginia, University of Washington, University of Wisconsin, or Washington University in St. Louis. ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers) Scholarships ASHRAE awards several scholarships to students studying engineering degrees that could lead to work in the heating, air conditioning, ventilation, or refrigeration fields, at many grade levels. Students have to submit one application and they will be considered for the scholarships they are eligible for. To be eligible you should have a GPA of at least 3.0 and be in the top 30% of your class, and be enrolled in or planning to enroll in an accredited engineering program. The application includes a cover letter, statement about your finances, essays, three letters of recommendation, and ASHRAE student membership. *High School Senior Scholarship: $3,000 non-renewable. Deadline: May 1st. Undergraduate Engineering Scholarships: Deadline November 15th. Includes two $10,000 scholarships, eight $5,000 scholarships, and one $3,000 scholarship. ASHRAE Region IV Chapter (Including students in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia): $5,000. Deadline December 1st. ASHRAE Region III Chapter (Including students in Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Washington D.C.): $3,000. Deadline November 15th. ASHRAE Region VIII Chapter (Including students in Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, Oklahoma, and Mexico): $3,000. Deadline November 15th. ASCO Numatics Industrial Automation Engineering Scholarship Two $5,000 scholarships will be awarded to engineering students based on their potential for leadership and making a difference in the engineering and automation professions, particularly related to the application of fluid control and fluid power technologies. Students must have completed their sophomore year in college and winners are not eligible for future scholarships. The application deadline and procedure changes every year. *BMW/SAE Engineering Scholarship This annual scholarship is provided by BMW. You must be a US resident, with a GPA of 3.75 or higher and have scores in the 90th percentile or above on both the Math and Critical Reading sections of the SAT or ACT. You must be pursuing an engineering or related science degree. One recipient each year will receive $1,500. The prize can be renewed for up to three additional years for a total of $6,000. The deadline is January 15th. David Hermance Hybrid Technologies Scholarship This scholarship is available to college sophomores who are pursuing an engineering or related degree, and who have a GPA of 3.5 or better. The application deadline is February 15th. *Ford Partnership for Advanced Studies Scholarship Current high school seniors who have a GPA of 3.0 or above and have scores in or above the 90th percentile on the SAT or ACT are eligible for this scholarship. You should be planning to pursue a BA or AA in engineering or technology, and you should be a past or present student of a Ford Next Generation Learning Community, or a past or present student of an afterschool, weekend, summer or college or Ford Partnership for Advanced Studies program. There’s no need to apply- if you’re eligible, you’ll by selected by your Ford Next Generation Learning Community. Recipients will be selected and notified by the end of June. One $5,000 award is given every year. *Edward D. Hendrickson Engineering Scholarship In order to be eligible for this scholarship, you should be a US resident with a GPA of at least 3.75 and SAT or ACT scores in the 90th percentile or above. You’ll also have to be pursuing an engineering or related science degree. One student will be awarded $5,000 every year, and the awards are renewable for 3 more years for a total of $20,000. Applications are due on January 15th. *Donald and Barbara Mozley Scholarship This scholarship is open to high school seniors as well as college students pursuing degrees in engineering. You should have a GPA of 3.5 or better, SAT math score of 600 or above and critical reading of 550 or above, or an ACT composite score of 27 or above. You’ll also need to be able to show financial need through a completed FAFSA form, and have a letter of recommendation. Up to seven awards of $5,000 per year will be granted. You are eligible to win the award more than one year, but you will have to re-apply each time. The deadline is January 15th. *Han P. Loewen Scholarship The American Nuclear Society awards this $2,000 scholarship to a high school senior or college freshman or sophomore who is enrolled in a STEM degree. You will have to submit an essay about your leadership qualities and how you help others to meet their goals. You will need to be a member of the ANS in order to be eligible for this award. The application deadline is Feburay 1st. *The Maintenance Council of American Trucking Associations Donald D. Dawson Technical Scholarship Applicants should be US Residents with a GPA of at least 3.25 (high school) or 3.0 (students transferring from accredited 4-year universities) or 3.5 (students transferring from technical/vocational schools) who are going to pursue degrees in engineering or a related science. You should also have an SAT math score of 600 or above and critical reading score of 550 or above, or a composite ACT score of 27 or above. One award of $1,500 will be granted every year. The deadline is January 15th. Professional Engineers in Industry Scholarship Application Applicants for this award must be sponsored by a member of the National Society of Professional Engineers, and preference will be given to children, relatives, and dependents of NSPE members. You should have completed at least two semesters of an undergraduate engineering program before you apply. *Fred M. Young Sr. Engineering Scholarship This scholarship is for students pursuing engineering degrees who have a GPA of 3.75 or better and at least 90th percentile scores on the SAT or ACT. One scholarship of $1,000 per year. It is renewable for up to three years, for a total of $4,000. Deadline is January 15th. *Tau Beta Pi Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors who are US residents who have a GPA of 3.75 or higher, and scores in at least the 90th percentile on either the SAT or ACT. They should be pursuing degrees in engineering or a related science. Six scholarships will be given each year that are worth $1,000. The deadline is January 15th. Rocky Mountain Coal Mining Institute Engineering/Geology Scholarship College sophomores and juniors are eligible for this scholarship. You should be a US citizen and legal resident of Arizona, Colorado, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Texas, Utah, or Wyoming. You’ll need to be pursuing a degree in engineering or a mining-related field, and have an interest in Western coal as a career path. One award of $2,750 will be given to a student from each state listed (8 awards total). The award can be renewed for a second year. The application deadline is February 1st. SAE Long Term Member Sponsored Scholarship College juniors (who are engineering majors) who have been active supporters of SAE should apply for this award. Several $1,000 scholarships will be given every year. The application deadline is February 15th. William R. Kimel, P.E., Engineering Scholarship College juniors living and attending school in either Kansas or Missouri can apply for this scholarships. You should have a high GPA, internships and extracurricular activities, and honors or awards in engineering. You will have to submit an application form, resume, transcript, and two letters of recommendation, as well as an essay. The award is $2,500 and the deadline is March 1st. Paul H. Robbins, P.E., Honorary Scholarship Rising college juniors majoring in engineering are eligible for this award. You will need to be a member of the National Society of Professional Engineers, have a high GPA, internships and extracurricular involvement, honors and awards dating back to your senior year of high school, and be able to write a strong essay about what your engineering career goals are and how you arear going to achieve them. You will need to submit an application, transcript, resume, and two recommendation letters from professors. The deadline is March 1st. Awards are up to $10,000. The Steinman Scholarship The Steinman Scholarship is awarded to two rising juniors every year. You should have a high GPA, strong internships and extracurricular activities, and strong faculty recommendations. You will have to submit a completed application form, a resume of your activities and work experience, at least one recommendation letter (more is better), a transcript, and a 500-word essay on the importance of ethics in engineering. The awards are for $5,000 and the application deadline is March 1st. Yanmar Scholarship This scholarship is for college juniors who are getting an engineering degree and are taking courses related to the conservation of energy in transportation, agriculture, and construction, and power generation. They are particularly interested in research and study on internal combustion engines. Applicants will be judged on their academic performance, areas of study and research, awards, and leadership. One award of $1,000 will be given each year and may be renewed for one year. The application deadline is March 15th. *West Virginia Engineering, Science and Technology Scholarship Program This program is intended to help West Virginian students pursue careers in engineering. You should have a GPA of at least 3.0 from high school or your first two semesters in college, be enrolled or planning to enroll in an engineering or related science program. And agree to work full-time in an engineering job in West Virginia for at least one year per number of years you receive the award. Instead of work, you can also begin an engineering or science community service program. Students can win up to $3,000 per year. Mechanical Engineering Scholarships These scholarships are specifically for students who are getting a degree in mechanical engineering. *ASHRAE Scholarships for Mechanical Engineering ASHRAE awards several scholarships to students studying engineering degrees that could lead to work in the heating, air conditioning, ventilation, or refrigeration fields, at many grade levels. Students have to submit one application and they will be considered for the scholarships they are eligible for. To be eligible you should have a GPA of at least 3.0 and be in the top 30% of your class, and be enrolled in or planning to enroll in an accredited engineering program. The application includes a cover letter, statement about your finances, essays, three letters of recommendation, and ASHRAE student membership. The J. Richard Mehalick Scholarship is available for undergrad mechanical engineering students at the University of Pittsburgh. The award is $3,000 and the deadline is December 1st. The David C. J. Peters Scholarship is available to a full-time mechanical engineering undergraduate student at one of the following universities: CSU Chico, CSU San Diego, CSU Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, CSU Cal Maritime, CSU Long Beach, Pennsylvania State University, North Carolina State University, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (aka Virginia Tech), Clemson University, University of Nebraska at Lincoln or Omaha, University of Nevada at Las Vegas or Reno, Oklahoma State University, and University of Texas at Austin. The Minnesota, New Jersey, and Central New York ASHRAE Chapters each award $3,000 to an undergraduate mechanical engineering student within their geographical boundaries. The award is $5,000 and the deadline is November 15th. *Dan and Vicky Hancock Scholarship for Mechanical Engineering Excellence Applicants should be high school seniors or above who have a GPA of at least 3.5 and SAT mqath schore of 600, critical reading score of 500 or above, or ACT composite scores of 27 or above. You should be pursuing a mechanical engineering or related science degree. For the application you will need to include a completed FAFSA form and two letters of recommendation. One award of $5,500 will be given every year. You are eligible to win the award multiple years, but you will need to reapply each year. The deadline is March 15th. Ralph K. Hillquist Honorary SAE Scholarship College juniors who are studying mechanical engineering or an automotive-related engineering discipline can apply for this scholarships. They particularly are interested in students who show interest in areas related to noise and vibration, such as statics, dynamics, vibration, and physics. The award will be based on academic performance and leadership activities, as well as any special honors in the field. Every year an award of $1,000 will be given. The application deadline is March15th. *Lucy and Charles W. E. Clarke Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors who have been active on a FIRST FTC (tech challenge_ or FIRST FRC (robotics competition) team and are planning on enrolling in a mechanical engineering degree. Students will need to be nominated by an active ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) member. The application includes the nomination letter, a resume with your GPA and extra curricular activities, a transcript, evidence of financial need, and a letter of recommendation about your technical, creative, and leadership contributions to your FIRST team. Multiple awards of $5,000 will be given each year. The deadline is March 31st. Kenneth Andrew Roe Scholar This $13,000 scholarship is available to mechanical engineering students in their junior or senior year of college. Applicants must be members of ASME, and will be judged on their grades, character, leadership, integrity, and potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The deadline is March 1st. ASME Foundation Scholar This renewable scholarship is available to college sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are getting degrees in mechanical engineering and have a minimum GPA of 3.5. You will need a letter of recommendation from an ASME member, and you will need to maintain your GPA in order for the reward to be renewable. The deadline is March 1st. Garland Duncan Scholarship Up to two $5,000 awards will be given to mechanical engineering juniors or seniors who demonstrate financial need. Winners will be selected based on leadership, academic ability, and potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering field. The deadline is March 1st. Willis F. Thompson Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is awarded to a sophomore, junior, or senior mechanical engineering undergrad who is a member of ASME and is also able to demonstrate an interest in the field of power generation. Up to three winners will be given $4,500 based on their academic achievements and potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. Melvin R. Green Scholarship This scholarship will be given to two students in their junior or senior year based on financial need. You should also show leadership, academic achievement, potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering field. Applicants will need to be ASME members. The award is for $4,000 and the application deadline is March 1st. American Electric Power Scholarship This scholarship is given to ASME members who are juniors or seniors in college. You should be abelt to show an interest in power engineering. Preference will be given to students who are studying in Arkansas, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, or West Virginia. The award is for $4,000 and the application deadline is March 1st. William and Marijane E. Adams, Jr. Scholarship This scholarship is given to a sophomore, junior, or senior student who is a member of ASME and can demonstrate financial need. You should be attending college in California, Hawaii or Nevada, and have a special interest in product design and development. You will need a minimum GPA of 2.5. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. ASME Power Division Scholarship This scholarship is for a sophomore, junior or senior ASME member who is particularly interested in fuels, combustion, or the power industry. Students will be judged based on financial need, academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. F.W. Beichley Scholarship This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME student. Students will be judged based on leadership, integrity, character, financial need, academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. Stephen T. Kugle Scholarship This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME member who attends a public college in Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas (except for the University of Texas at Arlingon), Utah or Wyoming. Students will need to have at least a 3.0 GPA and be a US citizen by birth. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. Allen J. Baldwin Scholarship, Berna Lou Cartwright Scholarship, Sylvia W. Farny Scholarship, Agnes Malakate Kezios Scholarship, Charles B. Scharp Scholarship These scholarship are for a junior ASME student. These scholarships can only be used to fund the final (senior) year of studies. Up to ten awards total for $3,000 will be given and the deadline is March 1st. John Rice Memorial Scholarship ASME Metropolitan Section This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME member who attends one of the following universities: City College/CUNY, College of Staten Island, Columbia University, Cooper Union, Manhattan College, NYC Technology College of City University, Polytechnic Institute of New York University, SUNY/Maritime College. Students will be judged based on academic ability, leadership, integrity, character, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $3,000 and the deadline is March 1st. John Elsa Gracik Scholarship and ASME Foundation Hanlet Scholarship Up to 11 awards of $2,500 will be given to students who are freshmen, sophomores, juniors, or seniors pursuing degrees in mechanical engineering and are members of ASME. Students will be judged on academic ability, financial need, character, leadership, and potential contributions to the mechanical engineering profession. The application deadline is March 1st. Marcus N Bressler Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for a junior or senior ASME member who is particularly interested in industries using or manufacturing pressure vessels and related components. Students will be judged based on academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. The award is for $2,500 and the deadline is March 1st. Frank Dorothy Miller Scholarship This scholarship is for a sophomore, junior or senior ASME members. Students will be judged based on character, integrity, leadership, academic ability, and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. Up to two awards for $2,000 will be given, and the deadline is March 1st. Allen Rhodes Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for a sophomore, junior or senior ASME member who is particularly interested in the oil and gas industry. Students will be judged based on academic ability and the potential to contribute to the mechanical engineering profession. Preference will be given to students who are enrolled at Villanova University. The award is for $2,000 and the deadline is March 1st. Civil Engineering Scholarships These scholarships are specifically for students interested in pursuing a career in civil engineering. Charles Tiney Memorial ASCE Student Chapter Scholarship College freshmen through seniors who are enrolled in a civil engineering or related program, and are also members of an ASCE Student Chapter, can apply for this award. You will have to turn in a completed application form, a personal statement about why the student should receive the award (including talking about financial need), a detailed financial plan, transcript, resume, and at least two letters of recommendation. The award amount varies annually. The deadline is March 1st. CI Construction Engineering Student Scholarship Available to students who are freshmen, sophomores, or juniors, and are enrolled in a civil engineering program with a concentration in construction engineering or construction management. Students should be members of either the Construction Institute or ASCE National, and be in good standing. You will need to submit transcripts as proof of good academic standing, as well as three reference letters either from professors or professional internships. You will be expected to write a statement about your professional goals after graduation, and also include a resume that highlights your professional, research, and leadership positions. The award is renewable for two years (a total of three years). The amount varies based on the funds available and the student’s financial circumstances. The deadline for applications is April 1st. Eugene C. Figg, Jr. Civil Engineering Scholarship This scholarship is available to college juniors or seniors who are enrolled in civil engineering degree programs and who are interested in bridge design and construction. You should be a student member of the American Society of Civil Engineers in good standing. You’ll have to complete an application, write a statement about your interest in bridge design, a financial statement about how you will use the award as well as an annual budget, official transcripts, a resume, and a minimum of two letters of recommendation. The award amount varies but is usually around $3,000. The deadline to apply is February 10th. John Lenard Civil Engineering Scholarship A maximum of two awards per year will be given to sophomore, junior, or senior college students who are focusing their engineering degrees around water supply or environmental engineering. You have to be majoring in civil engineering to be eligible, and also be a student member of the American Society of Civil Engineers. You will need to submit a completed application form, a personal statement detailing why you should receive the scholarship, including your financial need and plans for your education, an essay on how civil engineering can improve the environment, official transcripts, a resume, and at least two letters of recommendation. The amount of the award depends on available funds but is usually around $2,000. This scholarship is NOT renewable, but you may apply for and win it more than once. The deadline is February 10th. Lawrence W. and Francis W. Cox Scholarship College sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are in a civil engineering program can apply for this scholarship. You should be a student member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and be in good standing. You will have to submit a completed application form, along with a personal essay about why you want to become a civil engineer and how you have participated in the ASCE, a detailed annual budget, official transcripts, a resume, and a minimum of two sealed recommendation letters. The award amount varies. Though it is not renewable, you are able to apply for and win the scholarship more than once. The deadline is February 10th. Robert B. B. and Josephine N. Moorman Scholarship Another scholarship open to college sophomores, juniors, and seniors who are majoring in civil engineering, this award is given to one student annually and is not renewable. You will need to complete an application form, a personal essay of 500 words about why you want to become a civil engineer and your long-term goals, a detailed annual budget, transcripts, a resume, and two recommendation letters. The award is usually around $2,000. The application deadline is February 10th. Samuel Fletcher Tapman ASCE Student Chapter Scholarship This scholarship is awarded to a maximum of 12 students every year who are college sophomores, juniors, or seniors. You’ll need to be pursuing a degree in civil engineering, and be a member of your local ASCE student chapter in good standing. To apply you will have to fill out an application form, write a personal statement about why you should get the award and your plans for your education, a brief financial statement about how you will finance your education if you get the award, an official transcript, a resume, and at least two letters of recommendation. The awards are of $3,000. It’s not renewable but you can apply and win more than once. The deadline for applications is February 10th. Aerospace Engineering Scholarships If aerospace engineering is your thing, read on! Vertical Flight Foundation Scholarship This scholarship is for students who are in at least their second semester at an engineering school who are interested in a career in aircraft engineering. You will have to complete an application form (including a personal statement about your academics and interest in rotorcraft or VTOL engineering), and also send a resume, transcript, and at least one letter of recommendation. Several awards are given each year, ranging from $1,000 - $5,000. The application deadline is February 1st. AIAA Scholarships The American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics gives out several scholarships every year for college students who have completed at least one semester of college in aerospace engineering or a related science. Applicants must have a GPA of 3.3 or higher, be AIAA student members, and have to use the scholarship for academic expenses. Rewards are not renewable, but students may apply for and win these scholarships multiple times. Students will be judged on their academic achievements, career goals (assessed in a 500-1000 word essay), three recommendation letters, and extracurricular activities. The deadline for these scholarships is January 31st. Wernher von Braun Scholarship: $5,000 George and Vicki Muellner Scholarship for Aerospace Engineering: $5,000 David and Catherine Thompson Space Technology Scholarship: $5,000 Space Transportation Scholarship: $1,500 Liquid Propulsion Scholarship: $2,500 Leatrice Gregory Pendray Scholarship: $1,500 Digital Avionics Scholarship: $2,000 *Olin E. Teague Scholarship The National Space Club offers this scholarship to encourage young people to pursue degrees in aerospace fields. High school seniors are eligible to apply. You will need to submit your high school transcript, at least one letter of recommendation, a statement about your academic plans that could lead to a career in aerospace sciences and technology, and a research paper at least 3 pages long. The award is for $4,000 and the application deadline is October 12th. Nuclear Engineering Scholarships *American Nuclear Society Incoming Freshman Scholarship This scholarship is for high school seniors who are going to enroll full-time in a nuclear engineering program. Consideration will be given to high school academics, freshman courses that you have chosen, letters of recommendation, and a 500-word essay. Four awards will be given of $1,000. The application deadline is February 1st. The Kent Hamlin Memorial Scholarship This scholarship is for students pursing an associate degree (2 year degree) and who are interested in the nuclear power industry. You should show an interest in and commitment to a career in the industry. NEED Scholarship Award for Community College and Trade School If you are currently in community college but are hoping to transfer to a four year university to study nuclear engineering, this scholarship is for you. Two awards of $2,000 will be given. The application deadline is February 1st. ANS Undergraduate Scholarships If you have completed at least one year of a nuclear engineering degree, you are eligible for several undergraduate scholarships offered by the ANS. ANS gives out over 20 scholarships of $2,000. The application deadline is February 1st. What's Next? Interested in getting a head start on some computer engineering before college? Learn about what the JavaScript TypeOf Function is and how it works here. Make sure that you stay on top of your high school GPA while taking rigorous classes to be considered for these kinds of scholarships. You should also know how to get a high score on the SAT and ACT to be eligible for these engineering scholarships. Also check out our list of full-ride scholarships for more ideas on how to fund your college education. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Risks Involved if the U.S. Withdrew From Iraq Essay

The Risks Involved if the U.S. Withdrew From Iraq - Essay Example This flawed justification has since been proven to be untrue as well. However, because of the occupation of Iraq, the international terrorist organization, Al Qaeda has grown in number, increased attacks worldwide and has infiltrated the borders of Iraq. The war was wrong on many fronts but withdrawing would be committing yet another wrong. Even those against the reasons the U.S. is occupying a sovereign nation admit that leaving would be a catastrophic mistake that would plunge the entire region into chaos. The invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq in 2003 was initiated and largely conducted by the United States in response to what it claimed was an attack on its soil by various agents operating from within these countries. These actions have been defended by the Bush administration as not only legal but morally necessary to protect U.S. citizens. Al Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden hoped the U.S. would timidly withdraw from the Middle East, but he appears to have been aware that an aggressive U.S. response to 9/11 was entirely possible. In that case, he had a Plan: Al-Qaeda hoped to draw the U.S. into a debilitating guerrilla war in Afghanistan and do to the U.S. military what they had earlier done to the Soviets. The U.S. cleverly outfoxed Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, using air power and local Afghan allies (the Northern Alliance) to destroy the Taliban without many American boots on the ground. However, the Bush administration then went on to invade Iraq for reasons still unclear, where Americans faced the kind of wearing guerrilla war they had avoided in Afghanistan (O’Brien, 2005). Bin Laden obtained his wealth as an inheritor of his family’s highly profitable construction business. He has used this capital to finance the infamous terrorist group initially formed in an attempt to force the U.S. to remove its military base in his home country of Saudi Arabia.   Since that time the groups’ objectives have evolved and, because of the illegal occupation if Iraq, Al-Qaeda has succeeded in several of what are now its main goals.

Social Therapeutic Work Practices Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Therapeutic Work Practices - Article Example The therapist will have to extend his assessment to describe the client’s inherent reaction to environmental and social conditions that frequently spark violent responses. Therapists dealing with African American youths should transform some of the symbols and rites used in clandestine and corrupt ways into Microsystems that instill therapeutic change. Urban adolescents that engage in illegal behaviors value the symbols and ceremonies since they induce a sense of security and support (Toldson & Toldson, 1999, p. 77). The symbols and rites can thus be helpful in showing clients that they will still benefit when they change. It is also important to use the African-centered instructional material. The therapists should thus establish secret codes, phrases, symbols, and rites of passage that closely resemble those of West Africa. The incorporation of these elements will help the clients to appreciate greatly and understand group processes and improve the compatibility of the processes with African ethos. Dealing with Africa American clients requires prompting of initiative behaviors within the group. As such, therapists should interweave typical therapeutic factors (such as the installation of universality, hope, imparting information, and altruism) with esoteric group therapy. The process of attaining the factors within some cultural groups should involve cultural awareness. When working with clients from an individual culture, group therapy alone will not be enough. It is important to incorporate the traditional group therapy with conceptions and perspectives from that particular culture.

Business Law and Social Responsibility Research Paper

Business Law and Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example This is unavoidable and will take place either willingly or in response to external obligations. While staying out of trouble is no longer enough, corporate entities ought to try to execute a globally valuable mission actively. In order to earn trust, they ought to ensure transparency to enhance accountability (Savitz & Weber, 2006, 41-64). They should also ensure facilitation of communication, values, and cooperation. The Responsibility Revolution describes the means by which the American consumer has transformed from the time of the Great Depression until the Great Recession period in 2009. The way in which social responsibility is developing amongst the American people is by considering their spending trends on organic items and green products, which the corporate sector in America is presently exploiting, as they were aware this would draw investment and customer allegiance (Friend, 2009, 81-84). This finding led to rivalry amongst corporate entities trying to get greener than ot hers did. The rivalry, though, is good for the environment as well as their revenue. During his campaigns, President Barrack Obama persistently solicited the notion of green products, social responsibility and the consequences of the evolving attitude of the consumers. The corporate sector, however, refused to embrace this revolution and instead acted defensively. The consumers, activist groups and government regulatory retaliated to this refusal by calling for commitment and responsibility and as a result, corporate entities responded in different ways including setting up of consortiums to run their projects, setting up of individual, ecological, and energy reduction schemes and contribution of at least one percent of their income towards the Global Fund (Desear, 2011). Creating a corporate entity that not only upholds but also exceeds is a move beyond the need to be ‘less bad’ and grips the culture of ‘all good.’ The Responsibility Revolution discloses t he most brilliant ways for corporate entities to fabricate an enhanced future and hold themselves responsible for the outcome. The Six Principles to Help Evolve Responsibility Many corporate entities think they can hide their faults and only depict their achievements in the media. Blog posts, cable news, and even traditional media are filled with examples of the breakdown of this system, with British Petroleum (BP) being merely the most recent and clear example. On the other hand, the Responsibility Revolution outlines corporate entities that dodge ahead of their own bad media, revealing their faults to the press and critics. The result drives corporate entities like Patagonia, Seventh Generation, Timberland and Novo Nordisk to act not only more conscientiously but also neutralizes external pressure against them. In a 2010 article, it was quoted that, â€Å"Most companies understand that pursuing a laudable mission can amount to a land of rich opportunity. But to successfully trave l the road to corporate responsibility, an enterprise must navigate around six daunting landmines†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Huffington Post, 2010).  Ã‚  

Globalisation and the Global City

Globalisation and the Global City Introduction Globalization, it is not a new phenomenon (Stead, 2012) but has massive influenced in the late 20th century around the world, which has strongly affected on urban system in Europe, economics, political, cultural, environmental dimensions. People speculate and make hypothesis about globalization is related to competitiveness of cities with strong economic, innovative and creative ideas or structure on city planning. Most of researches about competitive city are premised on cities do compete to each other, however, few scholars do question about it. What is competitiveness? Is it comparison with others? What aim do they want to achieve? Definition of competitiveness The definition of competitiveness is different in several aspects. For companies, it is ability to produce products and service to meet the needs of customers and make maximum profit. For nations, it is degree to extend peoples income and maintain harmony of country with specific conditions within the world (OECD, 1994). For cities, it is an ability to generate better life, better goods, and better investment (Oyelaran-Oyenika, 2013). Competition is everywhere, but to what extent can be defined as competition between cities. It is hard to clearly contend and identify do cities or regions compete, in terms of different dimensions of definition in competition, and different contentions. The competition is between nations- states or cities and regions? It is hard to clarify which one is it, can the competition between cities be the one within states? London as a city usually presents as United Kingdom in global ranking. Such as in wealth of country ranking, technically, most of GDP are from London, which literally can present United Kingdom. This paper is to discover whether cities or regions compete to each other or not, and what do they compete for. Generally, there are two different criteria: economics aspect, and innovation or creativity. To question is global city can present competitive city? Some emerging challenges from globalization, technology changes, new economy, demographic density, and uncertainty for cities and regions. Cities compete? Very few studies have showed cities dont compete. Krugman (1995) contends that cities and regions do not compete to each other, they are fields for companies to compete for innovative and creative people and market.ÂÂ   Nevertheless, Porter (2016), has argued that cities compete to each other. Cities compete in different ways from state-nations, they dont compete to win trading or assert the territory, which nations-states do. Moreover, it is not like business competition, cities competition doesnt concentrate on any single object to make the maximum profit. They do compete funds from government, tourism, population of the city, wealth, employment, investment and good reputation across the country or within the world (Begg, 1999; Saez, 2015; Favero, 2016; Ratcliffe, 2006; Stewart, 1996). The prevailing urban policies are concentrated on social circumstances, affordable housing, for example, these are important for cities competitiveness (Porter, 1994). Such as, in UK, there was a competition for cities and towns, to elect the best city or town through notable feature, significantly regionally/nationally, historical features and forward looking attitude (UK gov., 2001). The title from the competition may lead lots of effects for the city. Competitiveness of city is deemed performance of city occasionally, and it can present quality of life (Begg, 1999; Rogerson, 1999). Production of city is dynamic measurement for citys competitiveness. The main key indicators of competitiveness: economics, technological innovation, environment, global linkages, government management, and social cohesion (Ni, 2013). However, most of researches intensify on economics. In Faveros (2016) paper, he referred that hard economics, such as, cost of labour and employment rate of city are the most common hard economics factors to be discussed in citys competitiveness. When employment rate is higher than others may mean that the city is more competitive. On the contrary, open urban climate may influence competitiveness and is more like soft economics in urban development. Porter (1998) has stated that environment does affect cities competitiveness, economic extension or development may be solution for city growth. In the past, cities could compe te for goods and services, due to the fast- changing environment, contemporary, people is crucial element. Florida (2002) has built 3Ts model, which includes technology, talent and tolerance, these three factors attract creative people flow into cities and lead citys growth. Additionally, Crossa (2016) has asserted that creative city is capable to attract all kinds of professional people turns to be more competitive in this world at present. Cities which are more diverse and innovative may lead inflow of population. Innovative and creative people are fundamental to cities and regions; they are implements to interest firms and investment, lead success and economics growth for the areas (Paas, 2012). However, major competition in cities and regions is unclear or be demonstrated, there are multi- objectives in different areas to compete for, conversely, firms have clear single objective in competition- profits (Porter, 2016). Consequence from competition. Globalization is one of trends in governments, cities are facing some challenges about financial pressure, national security, institutional relations and role of government changing, environmental degradation, cultural and social changing, and lead to borderless, increasing competition and cooperation within cities and regions (Ratcliffe, 2006). Cities can borrow successful ideas and practices from other cities through globalization (Stead, 2012). It may bring legislative and administrative changes of localized institutions and policies, and raise competitiveness in cities and regions. However, while competition is happening, cooperation is acting simultaneously, such as, INTERREG Programme; it is facilitated cooperation by the EU with planners around Europe for their common development. In addition, cooperation between cities and regions can developed by making sister cities to build networking and promote cultural notions. Brakman (2015) claims that cooperation by having twinning c ities can decrease transaction cost and significantly grow faster, which facilitate cities more competitive. Tosic (2007) also asserts that cooperation may lead stronger competitiveness and strategies of planning. Continuing from INTERREG Programme in Europe aids countries, cities, counties, or regions to address problems and derive experiences and apply new approaches from others, also cope with variety of things from different fields. B-Team, it is one of projects from INTERREG Programme which is about development of brownfield before greenfield land as a principle of continuous growth in Belfast, it was involved 14 partners from 11 different countries ran for three years to regenerate brownfield to be more efficient for communities and aimed to help partners to improve regeneration policies and developed integration of planning process. This project illustrates transferability by publishing to share with others who are interesting in it and may adopt it (B-Team, 2012). Significan tly, it has great influence on investment. The participatory urban planning is a method to attract investors, stakeholders and actors to charm their interest and find out innovative solutions and procedures. Cooperation in this project do affect in regeneration process, and learn wider range of implements and manners, additionally, raising competitive in the city. Once city is more competitive, it possesses advantageous position in competitions. Competition between cities and regions has successfully attracted government and investors with forcing local institutions and governance to develop and reform (Lever, 1999). Competitive city generates economic growth and wealth with extending local market, creating opportunities and jobs for commonality, allocating more funds for infrastructures and planning (Oyelaran-Oyenika, 2013). Being competitive attracts creative and innovative individuals and corporations gather. For example, in China, economic boom has been leading strongly influence on construction, which causes more competition between cities. Beijing and Shanghai, two colossal cities were competing the opera houses, which was designed by famous French architect. Contemporary, these constructions have successfully attracted attentions, also brought enormous influence for city (Wyne, 2006). It may lead tourism growth, and economic growth indirectly. The competition can arouse faithfulness and pride of residents and people m ay understand local authorities agenda better. Gospodini (2002) contends there are two parts of cities, which are opposite extremes in European urban system, metropolitan cities and smaller peripheral cities without indigenous resources for development. Rural regions may be more active to competition than urban regions, and try to stand out from it to get more opportunities for region and be more competitive to increase attention in certain competition. However, competition has driven by localized government and institutions, which may lead different results. The Three Sisters competition which is running within Southern Ireland- Waterford, Kilkenny and Wexford, competing the title of European Capital of Culture 2020. The title may bring tourism growth for the county, which lead economic growth in rural and urban area of Ireland. The competition is taking place in 2015 and 2016, which is a long-term form of planning, the result will be released in 2020. For years competing to each other, leading higher reputation and more well kn own, this title may bring growth of tourism and investment, having impact on economic growth. The reputation of the city would boom in the world, especially in Europe. City would have more funds from national government, retrieve local authorities with economic growth. In order to win the competition, local government may propose some policies for locuss development. There may be some special constructions or operations to stress on their characteristics, renewing heritages, or re-planning the place. However, there are some issues in rural area, three counties have limited fiscal resources and innovative ideas, which may cause passive operations on promoting. In Waterford city, for example, promotion flags of the competition are hung in city centre, but realistic situation is that few people have heard or weak understanding or confused about the aim of competition. There is no practical action to promote or implement it from localized government. This is a huge problem for regions o utside metropolitan area. It is important to courage and regenerate area through central authoritys support on centralized or decentralized planning. Global cities Global cities can be seen as competitive cities, which relate to different dimensions in economics, political, informative, cultural, societal, services concepts (Teece, 1990). The overall of global cities index in top 25 is assumption of business activity, human capital, information exchange, cultural experience and political engagement. The first bar chart below (Figure 1.1) displays that global elites are London, New York, and Paris which are hub of cultures, politics and economics with strong business activity and performance of labour, creativity (human capital). The top three have massive gap from last three in the ranking, in terms of strong business activities and performance of labour. Surprisingly, San Francisco and Boston take place in top 5 of good performance of city (Figure 1.2) based on personal well- being, economics, innovation, and governance. Nevertheless, it stands out from other cities may due to endeavour and implementation on innovation. Conversely, Houston instead of Paris or Tokyo squeezes into top 5; four out of five are cities from America, which can be presumed that America has advantageous position on economic and innovation in the world. These two bar charts prove that economic and innovation are the main reasons for city to be global city or competitive city. Figure 1.1 The Top 25 Global Cities Index, Rank and Score Source: A.T. Kearney, 2016 citied in Peterson, 2016, p2. Figure 1.2 The Top 25 Global Cities Outlook, Rank and Score Source: A.T. Kearney, 2016 citied in Peterson, 2016, p2. Evolving challenges Being ranked as a global city can be seen as a city with well competitiveness in environmental, political, spatial, social sites in order to further widen development. The competitive advantages have enormous influence on social welfare, politics position, public infrastructures, local services, financial support, media service, tourism planning, educational support and organization, international trading and may easily become headquarter of company or investment (Han 2005). Nevertheless, some issues and challenges have emerged, such as, new economy, technological changes, demographic density, urban design, and uncertainty (Ratcliffe, 2006). Globalization forces to transfer into new global economy, which may make different trends of competitiveness, politics, welfare, environment, investment and connectivity with others. To carter to sustain competitiveness, policies should be modified. Sometimes, planning policies hardly identify trends or require long-term periods to adapt it. While technological changes, informational functions are affected and implement of communication within cities and regions, progress equipment may influence progress and service. If city doesnt follow up technological changes, probably, it would lose competitive advantage in new era. Inflow of migrants is phenomenon of competitive city, extension of population strongly impacts on urban planning, affordable housing, work opportunities, criminal issues, transportation, greenfield, environmental problems, public infrastructures, education, and quality of life. Urban design and planning in competitive city consider about aesthetics objects, environme ntal dimension, political pressure, economic constraints, residential conditions. Approaches of planning are complex and uncertain, they suppose to adapt into dynamic changes, which means they should be creative and innovative strategies to prepare future changes. Evolving challenges from competition between cities and regions- Globalization is happening, transnational capital and international flows of labours are strongly influenced by it. Conclusion The competition between cities and regions do happen, meanwhile, so do cooperation. Both of them are crucial for cities to be global city. Many evidences demonstrate that cities and regions engage with competitiveness and cooperation (Tosic, 2007; Teece, 1990). The department of trade and industry of UK has published a report (2005) about the position in EU, and it clearly asserts that they do support the competition and open market in Europe in order to attract more creative people and investment, and reinforce on innovation and competition. The competition could encourage cities or regions have new ideas, moving forward, becoming different and better. There are more advantages than disadvantages in cities and regions competition, which brings diversity and implementation. If there is no competition between cities and regions, people dont want to move on, no motivation to improve or change themselves, and no city growth. Less opportunities for city, outflow of population, city will face recession. No one want to get better, city wont be better and wont catch the changing world and eventually, be deserted by the world.ÂÂ   With competitiveness, cities have proven more successful in long term. However, competition and cooperation are acting simultaneously, both are crucial for city growth, it is important to find the balance of them. The solution for evolving challenges may be decentralized in urban area. Localized authority should widen the concentration from centre, regenerating field, identifying role of authorities, following trends of globalization, cooperating with cities, more acquisition of knowledge from others. References Anonymous, 2001. UK Government: Fifteen cities compete for grant of a lord mayoralty. Press release, 25 October 2001. AK Kearney, 2016. Global Cities 2016.[Online] Available at: https://www.atkearney.com/research-studies/global-cities-index/current-research-detail> [Accessed 16 December 2016]. Begg, I., 1999. City and Competitiveness. Urban Studies, [e-journal] 36(5-6), 795-809. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 25 November 2016]. Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., Oumer, A., 2015. Town Twinning and German City Growth. Regional Studies, [e-journal] 50(8), pp.1420-1432. http://www-tandfonline-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/abs/10.1080/00343404.2015.1023282. Crossa, V., Moore, N., 2016. Innovating to Compete: Dublin as Smart and Creative City. Building Material, [e-journal] 18(1), 84-88. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 15 December 2016]. Department of Trade and Industry, 2005.Department of Trade and Industry Departmental Report 2005. [pdf] London: Department of Trade and Industry. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/272133/6536.pdf> [Accessed 10 December 2016]. EU (European Union), 2012. B-Team Final Report: Brownfield Policy [pdf] INTERREG IVC. Available at: https://www.ioer.de/fileadmin/internet/IOER_Projekte/PDF/FB_L/Final_Report_short_B-Team.pdf> [Accessed 03 December 2016]. Favero, A., 2016. City Competitiveness in Poland: Innovative strategies and local governance in a globalized world The case of Poznan. [pdf] University of Edinburgh. Available at: http://www.regionalstudies.org/uploads/Adrian_Favero_-_City_Competitiveness_in_Poland_The_Case_of_Poznan.pdf> [Accessed 02 December 2016]. Florida, R., 2002. The Rise of Creative Class. The Washington Monthly, [e-journal] 34(5), 15-25. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 29 November 2016]. Gospodini, A., 2002. European Cities in Competition and the New Uses of Urban Design. Urban Design. [Online] Available at: http://www.scholars-on-bilbao.info/fichas/GospodiniJUD2002.pdf> [Accessed 10 December 2016]. Han, S. S., 2005. Global city making in Singapore: a real estate perspective. Progress Planning, [e-journal] 64(2), 69-175. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 16 December 2016]. Krugman, P., 1995. Competition, cooperation, and innovation: Organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological process. Economic Behaviour and Organization, [e-journal] 18(1), 1-25. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 18 November 2016]. Lever, W. F.,1999. Competitive City In Europe. Urban Studies, [e-journal] 36(5-6), 1029-1044. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 16 November 2016]. Lever, W. F., Turok, I., 1999. Competitive City: Introduction to the Review. Urban Studies, [e-journal] 36(5-6), 791-793. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 16 November 2016]. Ni, P., Wei, J., 2013. Global Urban Sustainable Competitiveness: a comprehensive analysis. In: P. Ni, P. K. Kresel, W. Liu, ed. 2015. The Global Urban Competitiveness Report 2013. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd. Ch.3. OECD, 1994. Trends in International Trade. OECD Economics Outlook, [e-journal] 56, 38-49. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 15 November 2016]. Oyelaran-Oyenika, B., 2013. Social and technological innovations in the competitiveness of cities. In: P. Ni, P. K. Kresel, W. Liu, ed. 2015. The Global Urban Competitiveness Report 2013.Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd. Ch.9. Paas, T., Halapuu, V., 2012, Economic Growth in the Framework of Floridas 3T Model: Theoretical Considerations and Empirical Evidence, An Enterprise Odyssey. International Conference Proceedings. Europe, 13-16 June 2012. Zagreb: Croacia. Porter, M. E., 1994. A Competitive Advantages of Far Eastern Business: A Response. Asia Pacific Business Review, [e-journal] 1(2), 1-2. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 18 December 2016]. Porter, M. E., 1998. Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors. [e-book] New York: The Free Press. Available through: Scribd website https://www.scribd.com/> [Accessed 18 December 2016]. Porter, M. E., 2016. Inner-City Economic Development. Economic Development Quarterly, [e-journal] 30(2), 105-116. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 18 December 2016]. Ratcliffe, J., Kelly, R., Gannon, J., 2006. The Competitive Global City 2030: a Future Approach. Future Academy, [Online] Available at: http://arrow.dit.ie/futuresacart/> [Accessed 02 December 2016]. Rogerson, R. J., 1999. Quality of Life and City Competitiveness. Urban Studies, [e-journal] 36(5-6), 969-985. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 05 December 2016]. Saez, L., Perianez, I., 2015. Benchmarking urban competitiveness in Europe to attract investment. Cities, [e-journal] 36(5-6), 969-985. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 05 December 2016]. Stead, D., 2012. Best Practices and Policy Transfer in Spatial Planning. Planning Practice and Research, [e-journal] 27(1), 103-116. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 18 November 2016]. Stewart, M.,1996. Competition and competitiveness in urban policy. Public Money Management, [e-journal] 16(3), pp.21-26. http://www-tandfonline-com.libproxy.ucl.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540969609387929?needAccess=true. Teece, D. J., 1990. Competition, cooperation, and innovation: Organizational arrangements for regimes of rapid technological process. Economic Behaviour and Organization, [e-journal] 18(1), 1-25. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 15 December 2016]. Tosic, I., 2007. City-regions in Europe: The potentials and the realities. The Town Planning Review, [e-journal] 78(6), 775-795. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 17 December 2016]. Wyne. A., 2006. Chinese cities compete for dynamic opera houses. Architectural Record, [e-journal] 194(7), 38-38. Available through: University College London Library website http://www.ucl.ac.uk/library> [Accessed 16 December 2016].